Commission staff working document on the implementation of national residue monitoring plans in the Member States in 2010 (Council Directive 96/23/EC) - Hoofdinhoud
Contents
| Documentdatum | 27-03-2012 |
|---|---|
| Publicatiedatum | 30-03-2012 |
| Kenmerk | 8201/12 ADD 1 |
| Van | Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director |
| Aan | Mr Uwe CORSEPIUS, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union |
| Externe link | originele PDF |
| Originele document in PDF |  |
COUNCIL OF Brussels, 27 March 2012
THE EUROPEAN UNION
8201/12 ADD 1
AGRILEG 47 VETER 26
COVER NOTE
from: Secretary-General of the European Commission,
signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director
date of receipt: 20 March 2012
to: Mr Uwe CORSEPIUS, Secretary-General of the Council of the European
Union
No Cion doc.: SWD(2012) 67 final Part II
Subject: Commission staff working document on the implementation of national residue monitoring plans in the Member States in 2010 (Council Directive 96/23/EC i)
Delegations will find attached Commission document SWD(2012) 67 final Part II.
________________________
Encl.: SWD(2012) 67 final Part II
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 20.3.2012 SWD(2012) 67 final
Part II/III
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL RESIDUE MONITORING PLANS IN
THE MEMBER STATES IN 2010
(Council Directive 96/23/EC i)
EN EN
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL RESIDUE MONITORING PLANS IN THE MEMBER STATES IN 2010
(Council Directive 96/23/EC i) This document is a European Commission staff working document for information purposes. It does not represent an official position of the Commission on this issue, nor does it anticipate such a position.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
PART II
Report for 2010
on the results of residue monitoring in food of animal origin in the Member States
Commission européenne, B-1049 Bruxelles / Europese Commissie, B-1049 Brussel –
Office: F 101-4/57. Telephone: direct line (32-2) 29593854. Fax: (32-2) 2991856.
E-mail: frank.swartenbroux@ec.europa.eu
Report for 2010 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal
product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products
S UMMARY
The present report summarises the monitoring data from 2010 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the
European Union. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 i 1 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Council Directive 96/23/EC i 2 lays
down measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof, mainly veterinary medicinal
products, in live animals and animal products. Additionally, Commission Decision 97/747/EC i 3 lays
down levels and frequencies of sampling for certain animal products. Data were collected in aggregated form in a database hosted by the European Commission.
In the framework of article 31 of Regulation EC 178/2002 i 4 , the European Commission (EC) asked the
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to produce an annual compilation of the monitoring results thus supporting EC in providing an annual communication to the European Parliament, the European Council and to the Member States on the residue monitoring in live animals and animal products in the European Union. Animal categories and animal products covered in the monitoring are: bovines, pigs, sheep and goats, horses, poultry, rabbit, farmed game, wild game, aquaculture, milk, eggs, and honey.
As stated in the previous EFSA reports (EFSA, 2010a; EFSA, 2010b), transmission of data in aggregated form creates several limitations for the data analysis and reporting. For example, the total number of compliant and non-compliant samples tested for each individual substance was not available, thus it was not possible to calculate the percentage of non-compliant samples for a specific substance and ascertain whether or not these vary significantly between successive years. EFSA already pointed to such limitations inherent in the data collection method used within the framework of Directive 96/23/EC i and provided recommendations for improvement (EFSA, 2010a; EFSA, 2010b). Currently the European Commission and the Member States are considering EFSA recommendations for implementation.
Altogether, 736,806 samples were reported by the 27 Member States in the framework of the residue monitoring in 2010 in the EU. A total of 418,081 targeted samples and 30,659 suspect samples were reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC i. Additionally, 282,689 samples collected in the framework of other programmes developed under the national legislation and 5,377 checked at import were reported. The data analysis presented in this report refers mainly to targeted samples reported under the Council Directive 96/23/EC i. Samples collected through other sampling strategies (suspect, import or ‘other’) do not follow a pre-defined monitoring plan, thus they were not pooled together with the targeted samples but treated separately.
The large majority of Member States fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC i and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC i.
1 Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 i of 22 December 2009 on pharmacologically active substances and their
classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin (OJ L 15/1, 20.1.2010, p. 1-72)
2 Council Directive 96/23/EC i on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal
products and repealing Directives 85/358/EEC i and 86/469/EEC and Decisions 89/187/EEC i and 91/664/EEC (OJ L 125, 23/05/1996, p. 10 – 32)
3 Commission Decision 97/747/EC i fixing the levels and frequencies of sampling provided for by Council Directive 96/23/EC i
for the monitoring of certain substances and residues thereof in certain animal products (OJ L 303, 6.11.1997, p. 12–15)
4 Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general
principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety (OJ L 31/1, 1.2.2002, p. 1-24)
Of the total targeted samples collected, 43 % were analysed for substances having anabolic effect and unauthorised substances (group A) and 61 % for veterinary drugs and contaminants (group B) (Note that some samples were analysed for substances in both groups therefore the sum is higher than 100). There were 1,373 or 0.33 % of non-compliant samples out of the 418,081 targeted samples in 2010 compared to 0.32 % in 2009.
Considering all targeted samples analysed for the category “hormones” (A1 to A4) in all animal/product categories, 0.15 % were non-compliant. As in the previous three years, there were no non-compliant samples for stilbenes and derivatives (A1). For antithyroid agents (A2), there were 0.47 % non-compliant samples, all for thiouracil and ethylthiouracil, most likely due to feeding cruciferous plants. In the group of steroids (A3), which includes as well some results on corticosteroids, there were 0.19 % non-compliant samples in all animal and product categories. The non-compliant samples were found in bovines (0.17 %), pigs (0.26 %), sheep and goats (0.63 %), horses (1.2 %) and poultry (0.02 %). Non-compliant samples for corticosteroids were reported in group A3 (n = 36) and in group B2f (n = 23). The majority of incidences of non-compliance for corticosteroids were reported in bovines (n = 56). In the group of resorcylic acid lactones (A4), 0.09 % of the samples were non-compliant for zearanol and taleranol. For beta-agonists (A5), there were 0.02 % non-compliant samples. For prohibited substances, 0.05 % of samples were non-compliant. Substances identified were chloramphenicol (n = 16), nitrofurans (n = 19) and nitroimidazoles (n = 5).
For antibacterials (B1), 0.23 % of the samples analysed under the Directive 96/23 i monitoring were non-compliant. The highest frequencies of non-compliant samples for antibacterials were found in honey (2.9 %) and rabbit meat (0.62 %).
In the group B2 (other veterinary drugs), a relatively high proportion of non-compliant samples was found for anticoccidials (B2b): 1.61 % in horses, 0.96 % in poultry, 0.39 % in sheep and goats, 1.27 % in rabbit, 0.58 % in farmed game and 0.22 % in eggs. Instances of non-compliance for anthelmintics (B2a) were reported in bovines (0.06 %), pigs (0.08 %), sheep and goats (0.24 %), horses (0.52 %), farmed game (0.41 %) and milk (0.51 %). For carbamates and pyrethroids (B2c), there was only one non-compliant sample in honey. No non-compliant sample was reported for sedatives (B2d). For non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) non-compliant samples were found in bovines (0.30 %), sheep and goats (0.21 %), horses (2.6 %), poultry (0.14 %), rabbits (1.39 %) and milk (0.03 %). Non-compliant samples for “other pharmacologically active substances” (B2f) were reported in bovines (0.33 %), poultry (0.31 %) and pigs (0.04 %).
In the group of “other substances and environmental contaminants" (B3), the highest percentage of non-compliant samples in almost all species was found for chemical elements (B3c) (3.6 %). Cadmium, lead, mercury and copper were the most frequent elements identified. Instances of noncompliance for organochlorine compounds (B3a) and organophosphorus compounds (B3b) were much lower: 0.10 % and 0.03 %, respectively. For mycotoxins (B3d), there were non-compliant samples for zearalenone and derivatives (one in bovines and one in pigs) and for aflatoxin M1 in milk (n = 7). Dyes (B3e) were reported in 1.8 % aquaculture samples. Substances found were malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal violet and leuco crystal violet.
For most of the substance groups, there was no notable variation of the frequency of non-compliant samples in 2010 compared to previous years (2007 to 2009). However, it appears that the frequency of non-compliant samples for steroids (A3), resorcylic acid lactones (A4), anticoccidials (B2b), organochlorine compounds (B3a) and mycotoxins (B3d) was slightly lower compared to previous years, whereas the proportion of non-compliant samples for chemical elements (B3c) was higher. The increase was mainly due to the inclusion of copper in the monitoring. Considering that the sampling plan and the spectrum of substances analysed were not necessarily the same over the four years, this comparison is associated to a certain degree of uncertainty.
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary .................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of contents ........................................................................................................................ 4
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6
2. Objectives..................................................................................................................... 7
3. Materials and Methods................................................................................................. 8
- Materials....................................................................................................................... 8
- Methods........................................................................................................................ 9
4. Results .......................................................................................................................... 9
- EU overall assessment.................................................................................................. 9
• Hormones ................................................................................................................... 12
• Corticosteroids ........................................................................................................... 12
• Beta-agonists .............................................................................................................. 13
• Prohibited substances ................................................................................................. 13
• Antibacterials ............................................................................................................. 14
• Other veterinary drugs................................................................................................ 15
• Other substances and environmental contaminants ................................................... 17
• Multi-year analysis..................................................................................................... 19
• Bovines....................................................................................................................... 20
• Pigs............................................................................................................................. 22
• Sheep and goats.......................................................................................................... 24
• Horses......................................................................................................................... 26
• Poultry........................................................................................................................ 28
• Aquaculture ................................................................................................................ 30
• Milk ............................................................................................................................ 33
• Eggs............................................................................................................................ 35
• Rabbit meat ................................................................................................................ 36
• Farmed game.............................................................................................................. 38
• Wild game .................................................................................................................. 40 • Honey ......................................................................................................................... 42
• Suspect, import and other samples............................................................................. 44
Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 46
References ................................................................................................................................ 48
Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 49
A. List of non-compliant results: targeted sampling ................................................................ 49
B. List of non-compliant results: suspect sampling ................................................................. 58
C. List of non-compliant results: import sampling .................................................................. 62
D. List of non-compliant results: other sampling..................................................................... 63
E. Annex I to Directive 96/23/EC i ............................................................................................ 66
Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 67 1. I NTRODUCTION
Council Directive 96/23/EC i on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products requires Member States to adopt and implement a national residue monitoring plan for the groups of residues detailed in its Annex I in accordance with the sampling rules referred to in Annex IV. The Directive lays down sampling levels and frequency for bovines, pigs, sheep and goats, equine animals, poultry, and aquaculture, as well as the groups of substances to be monitored for each food commodity. Commission Decision 97/747/EC i lays down rules for levels and frequencies of sampling for milk, eggs, honey, rabbit meat and game.
Member States should forward to the European Commission the results of their residue monitoring by 31 March of each year at the latest. National residue control plans should be targeted to take the following minimum criteria into account: species, gender, age, fattening system, all available background information and all evidence of misuse or abuse of substances. Additionally, suspect samples may also be taken as part of the residue control.
Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance.
Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the monitoring plan, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product.
Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean all pharmacologically active substances, whether active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food.
Unauthorised substances or products mean substances or products the administering of which to animals is prohibited under European Union legislation.
Illegal treatment refers to the use of unauthorised substances or products or the use of substances or products authorised under EU legislation for purposes or under conditions other than those laid down in EU legislation or, where appropriate, in the various national legislations.
Withdrawal period represents the period necessary between the last administration of the veterinary medicinal product to animals under normal conditions of use and the production of foodstuffs from such animals, in order to ensure that such foodstuffs do not contain residues in quantities in excess of the maximum limits laid down in EU legislation.
Non-compliant result: since the entry into force of Decision 2005/657/EC i (1 September 2002), the term for analytical results exceeding the permitted limits (in previous reports termed “positives”) is “non-compliant”. The result of an analysis shall be considered non-compliant if the decision limit of the confirmatory method for the analyte is exceeded.
Non-compliant sample: is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be noncompliant for one or more substances.
Maximum residue limit means the maximum concentration of residue resulting from the use of a veterinary medicinal product which may be accepted by the Union to be legally permitted or recognised as acceptable in or on a food. For veterinary medicinal products, maximum residue limits (MRLs) are established according to the procedures laid down in Regulation (EC) No 470/2009 i of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 5 . Pharmacologically active substances and
their classification regarding maximum residue limits are set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No
37/2010 of 22 December 2009 6 .
For pesticides, MRLs are laid down in Regulation (EC) 396/2005 i 7 . Some substances (e.g. carbamates,
pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds) are recognised both as veterinary medicinal products and pesticides and therefore they might have different MRLs in the corresponding legislation.
Maximum levels for contaminants are laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006 i 8 . For
contaminants where no EU maximum levels had been fixed at the time when data included in this report were collected, national tolerance levels were applied.
Minimum Required Performance Limits (MRPLs). According to the Annex to Commission
Decision 2002/657/EC i 9 MRPL means minimum content of an analyte in a sample, which has to be
detected and confirmed. It is intended to harmonise the analytical performance of methods for substances for which no permitted limit has been established.
MRPLs for chloramphenicol, nitrofurans metabolites, medroxyprogesterone acetate were established
by Commission Decision 2003/181/EC i 10 and for malachite and leuco malachite green were established by Commission Decision 2004/25/EC i 11 .
-
2.O BJECTIVES
The objective of the present report was to summarise the monitoring data from 2010 submitted to the European Commission. Data analysis was mainly focused on data submitted under Directive 96/23/EC i providing an overview on:
• Production volume and number of samples collected in each Member State. These data were used to check whether the Member States had fulfilled the minimum requirements on sampling frequency as stated in Directive 96/23/EC i and Commission Decision 97/747/EC i.
• Number of samples analysed in each animal species or food commodity for substance groups and subgroups as defined in Annex I to Directive 96/23/EC i (see Appendix E).
• Summary of non-compliant results per animal species or food commodity and substance group.
• Identification of main substances contributing to non-compliant results within a group.
5 Regulation (EC) No 470/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 laying down Community
procedures for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin, repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 i and amending Directive 2001/82/EC i of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 i of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 152/11, 16.6.2009, p. 1-12)
6 Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 i of 22 December 2009 on pharmacologically active substances and their
classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin (OJ L 15/1, 20.1.2010, p. 1-72)
7 Regulation (EC) 396/2005 i of the European Parliament and of the Council on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on
food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC i (OJ L 70/1, 16.3.2005, p. 1-16)
8 Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006 i setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (OJ L 364/5,
20.12.2006, p. 5-24)
9 Commission Decision 2002/657/EC i of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC i concerning the
performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results (OJ L 221/8, 17.8.2002, p. 1-29)
10 Commission Decision 2003/181/EC i of 13 March 2003 amending Decision 2002/657/EC i as regards the setting of minimum
required performance limits (MRPLs) for certain residues in food of animal origin (OJ, L 71, 15.3.2001, 17-18)
11 Commission Decision 2004/25/EC i of 22 December 2003 amending Decision 2002/657/EC i as regards the setting of
minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) for certain residues in food of animal origin (OJ, L6, 10.1.2004, 38-39)
• EU overall distribution of non-compliant samples in the substance groups.
-
3.M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS
-
-Materials
-
Commission Decision 2002/657/EC i of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC i concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of the results lays down rules for the analytical methods to be used in the testing of official samples and specifies common criteria for the interpretation of analytical results. Data used in this report have been collected from Member States under Directive 96/23/EC i and stored in DG SANCO’s residue application. The samples included in the monitoring were taken from the production process of animals and primary products of animal origin (live animals, their excrements, body fluids and tissues, animal products, animal feed and drinking water).
The DG for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) is in charge of the overall coordination of the residue data collection from Member States (see “Terms of reference”). Each Member State assigns the coordination of the national monitoring plan to a central public department or body which is also in charge of the data collection at national level (Directive 96/23/EC i Art. 4). The respective institution is also in charge of the aggregation of the data received from the various central and regional departments. DG SANCO verifies whether or not the transmitted results are in line with the established monitoring plan and indicates misreporting. In case of misreporting the Member States in question are asked to update their data.
Aggregate data are transmitted to the Commission at the following level of detail:
• Animal category and animal products: bovines, pigs, sheep and goats, horses, poultry, rabbit, farmed game, wild game, aquaculture, milk, eggs, and honey.
• Production volume expressed in number of animals for bovines, pigs, sheep and goats, and horses, and in tonnes for poultry, rabbit, farmed game, wild game, aquaculture, milk, eggs, and honey.
• Sampling strategy: targeted, suspect, import and ‘others’.
• Number of samples analysed for each substance group as defined in Annex I of Directive 96/23/EC i.
• Number of non-compliant results within each substance group or subgroup and within each animal category or animal product. Non-compliant results are listed by the substance identified. Additional information about the non-compliant samples is given in a separate document (Questionnaires) provided by the Member States. This information is not included in the database.
In this context, it is important to note that the number of non-compliant samples is not necessarily the same as the number of non-compliant results. One sample can be non-compliant for more than one substance and therefore the sum of non-compliant results might be higher than the sum of noncompliant samples. The information on sample identification, sample matrix and the corresponding results was not available in the database and thus it was impossible to perform a more elaborate statistical analysis at the matrix level (e.g. meat, liver, blood, etc.) and to identify the samples noncompliant for more substances (multi-residues samples).
Since information on the number of total analyses performed for an individual substance was only transmitted by the Member States which reported at least one non-compliant result for the respective substance, it was not possible to extract the full spectrum of substances analysed within one group or subgroup.
-
-Methods
For the data analysis, the database and the data analysis reports available in DG SANCO’s residue application were used. From these reports it was possible to extract the production volume reported by the Member States and the number of samples analysed for each animal/animal product category and for each substance group or subgroup. To check whether the minimum required sampling frequencies had been fulfilled, the number of samples collected in 2010 was referred to the production of 2009. The number of non-compliant samples could be extracted at the group or subgroup level. At the substance level only Member States which found at least one non-compliant result reported the total number of samples analysed for that substance. The shortcomings mentioned in 3.1 represented considerable limitations in performing a more elaborate statistical analysis.
-
4.R ESULTS
The structure and the data analysis performed in the present report follows the one of the 2009 report:
• The EU overall assessment includes all animal/animal product categories and is presented for
each main substance group.
• Assessment of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results are
presented for each animal/animal product category separately.
• Suspect samples are evaluated separately from the targeted samples.
• Results which were not reported under the Council Directive 96/23/EC i (import and ‘others’)
are not included in the overall assessment but treated separately. Non-compliant results for the individual substances in each animal/animal product category are listed in Appendix A (targeted samples), Appendix B (suspect samples), Appendix C (import samples) and Appendix D (‘other’ samples).
-
-EU overall assessment
This chapter is intended to give an overview of the total number of samples analysed for the individual substance groups and to summarise the non-compliant samples for the major substance groups. Further details on the non-compliant samples found in each animal/product category are presented in chapters 4.2 to 4.13.
In 2010, 736,806 samples were reported by the 27 Member States for analysis of substances and residues covered by the Directive 96/23/EC i. Out of this, 418,081 were targeted samples collected in conformity with the specification of the National Residue Control Plans (NRCPs) for 2010. Additionally, 30,659 suspect samples were reported as follow-up of non-compliant targeted samples or suspicion of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period. Apart from the data submitted in accordance to NRCPs, Member States reported in total 282,689 samples collected in the framework of other programmes developed under the national legislation. Only a relatively limited number of data (n = 5,377) was reported for samples checked at import. This is because the control of samples at import is more linked to the third country monitoring than to the residue monitoring thus Member States report those results to the EC using other tools e.g. the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) and the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF).
Of the total of targeted samples, 43 % were analysed for substances having an anabolic effect and unauthorised substances (group A) and 61 % for veterinary drugs and contaminants (group B). Of the 418,081 targeted samples 1,373 were non-compliant (0.33%) (1,455 non-compliant results). This situation was similar to the one in 2009 when of 445,968 targeted samples 1 , 406 were non-compliant (0.32 %). The percentage of non-compliant samples calculated from the total number of samples analysed for substances in that category was: 0.11 % for substances having an anabolic effect and unauthorized substances (A), 0.23 % for antibacterials (B1), 0.21 % for the “other veterinary drugs” (B2) and 1.5 % for “other substances and environmental contaminants” (B3) (Table 1, Figure 1).
Table 1: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in
all species and products categories.
Substance Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
group (a) n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 177,793 43 202 0.11 218
A1 23,455 5.6 0 0.00 0
A2 9,888 2.4 46 0.47 46
A3 47,337 11 90 0.19 91
A4 22,205 5.3 21 0.09 34
A5 43,636 10 7 0.02 7
A6 70,828 17 38 0.05 40
B 255,860 61 1,171 0.46 1,237
B1 128,698 31 299 0.23 322
B2 88,721 21 188 0.21 192
B2a 25,054 6.0 45 0.18 46
B2b 21,111 5.0 91 0.43 91
B2c 8,435 2.0 1 0.01 1
B2d 9,758 2.3 0 0.00 0
B2e 14,907 3.6 29 0.19 29
B2f 13,980 3.3 25 0.18 25
B3 45,574 11 680 1.5 723
B3a 17,487 4.2 17 0.10 25
B3b 7,095 9.2 2 0.03 2
B3c 16,941 4.1 615 3.6 646
B3d 6,611 1.6 9 0.14 12
B3e 1,989 0.48 36 1.8 37
B3f 3,197 0.76 1 0.03 1
Total 418,081 100 1,373 0.33 1,455 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
Figure 1: Percentage of non-compliant samples in each substance group.
• Hormones
Directive 96/22/EC i prohibits the use of hormones in food producing animals except for well-defined therapeutic and zootechnical purposes and under strict veterinary control.
This chapter includes also synthetic, hormonally active substances such as stilbenes and their derivatives (A1), antithyroid agents (A2) and steroids (A3). Resorcylic acid lactones (A4) are hormonally active as well and potentially used with growth promoting purposes, but their presence in food of animal origin could also be linked to the ingestion of feed contaminated with fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium.
Of all the targeted samples analysed for the category “hormones” in all animal/product categories (102,885 samples) there were 157 non-compliant samples (0.15 %) (171 non-compliant results).
The number of targeted samples analysed for stilbenes and derivatives (A1) in all animal/product categories together was 23,455. Similarly to previous years, no non-compliant sample was reported for this group.
Antithyroid agents (A2) were analysed in 9 888 targeted samples of which 46 samples were noncompliant (0.47 %) (46 non-compliant results). All non-compliant samples in the group A2 were for thiouracil and ethylthiouracil. They were found in bovines (n = 42; 0.76 %), pigs (n = 2; 0.07 %), and sheep and goats (n = 2; 0.82 %). Residues of thiouracil resulted most probably from feeding cruciferous plants. Pinel et al. (2006) demonstrated that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovines fed with cruciferous plants can give erroneous indications of the possible illegal use of thyrostats in meat production animals.
For steroids (A3), of the 47,337 samples analysed in all animal species and product categories, 90 were non-compliant (0.19 %) (91 non-compliant results). Overall, there were 54 non-compliant results for anabolic steroids and 37 non-compliant results for corticosteroids reported in the group A3. The non-compliant samples were found in bovines (n = 50; 0.17 %), pigs (n = 30; 0.26 %), sheep and goats (n = 7; 0.63 %), horses (n = 2; 1.19 %) and poultry (n = 1; 0.02 %). Several Member States claimed that some residue findings on steroid hormones were not attributable to illegal treatment of animals. The non-compliant findings were more likely linked to the endogenous production of these substances as proved in previous studies (Clouet et al., 1997; Samuels et al. 1998).
For resorcylic acid lactones (A4), of 22,205 samples analysed, 21 were found non-compliant (0.09 %) (34 non-compliant results). There were 18 non-compliant samples in bovines (0.15 %) and three in pigs (0.05 %).
• Corticosteroids
There are several substances (e.g. dexamethasone, betamethasone and prednisolone) legally used in the therapy of food producing animals in the EU. The legal utilisation of corticosteroids, as for any other veterinary medicine, is strictly regulated in the EU, with withdrawal periods given between treatment and slaughtering. Due to their growth promoting effects (increase of appetite and weight gain) corticosteroids might be used in cocktails with other illegal substances in animal feeding. Thus, some Member States (Italy, Netherlands) include these substances in group A3 (steroids), whereas others allocate them to the group B2f (other pharmacologically active substances). The Member States that include all corticosteroids in group A3 argue that in this way they have more legal power against illegal use.
Of the total of 59 non-compliant results for corticosteroids in all species (targeted samples), 36 were reported in group A3 and 23 in group B2f. The majority of non-compliant results for corticosteroids was reported in bovines (n = 56). Substances identified were dexamethasone (n = 49), prednisolone (n = 8), betamethasone (n = 1) and prednisone (n = 1) (Table 2).
Table 2: Overview on corticosteroids non-compliant results.
Substance Substance Number of non Member States reporting group (a) Species compliant results non-compliant results
Betamethasone A3 bovines 1 IT
Dexamethasone A3 bovine 31 IT, NL
A3 horse 1 IT
B2f bovine 17 DE, DK, ES
Prednisolone A3 bovine 2 IT
B2f bovine 4 BE, FR
B2f pigs 2 BE, FR
Prednisone A3 bovine 1 IT
(a): as detailed in Appendix E.
• Beta-agonists
Beta-agonists (A5) are used therapeutically in human and animal medicine for specific effects on smooth muscle. When misused at higher doses, they can also act as growth promoters by stimulating
the increase of the muscular mass and reducing the adipose tissue. Directive 96/22/EC i 12 prohibits the
use of beta-agonists in food producing animals except for well-defined therapeutic purposes and under strict veterinary control. In 2010, 43,636 targeted samples were analysed for beta-agonists and seven non-compliant samples (0.02 %) were reported (in bovines: five for Clenbuterol and one for Isoxsuprine; in pigs one for Clenbuterol). In 2009 only two samples were found non-compliant for beta-agonists.
• Prohibited substances
This group (A6) includes substances listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 i under prohibited substances for which MRLs cannot be established. These substances are not allowed to be administered to food-producing animals. Examples of substances belonging to this group are chloramphenicol, nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles.
In the framework of the 2010 residue monitoring, 70,828 targeted samples were analysed for prohibited substances and 38 samples (0.05 %) were non-compliant (40 non-compliant results). Altogether, there were 16 non-compliant results for chloramphenicol, 19 for nitrofurans and five for nitroimidazoles (Table 3). The distribution of the non-compliant results by individual substances and Member States is presented in Appendix A.
12 Council Directive 96/22/EC i of 29 April 1996 concerning the prohibition on the use in stock farming of certain
substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists, and repealing Directives 81/602/EEC i, 88/146/EEC i and 88/299/EEC (OJ, L 125, 29.5.1996, 3-9)
Table 3: Overview on the non-compliant results for prohibited substances.
Member States
Substance Species Number of noncompliant results reporting noncompliant
results
Chloramphenicol bovine 2 DE
pigs 6 ES, FR, PL, SE
poultry 3 AT, IT
milk 3 CZ, EE
rabbit 2 FR, ES
Nitrofurans
SEM (semicarbazide) bovine 3 IE, UK
poultry 1 NL
Furazolidone sheep/goats 1 ES
AOZ (3-amino-2-oxazolidone) poultry 2 GR
honey 10 HU AMOZ (5-methylmorpholino-3-amino-2- oxazolidone) bovines 1 ES
aquaculture 1 GR
Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole bovines 1 DE
pigs 1 DE
poultry 1 BE
Hydroxymetronidazol pigs 1 DE
Ronidazole farmed game 1 BE
• Antibacterials
The group of antibacterials (B1) includes antibiotics (e.g. beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides) but also sulphonamides and quinolones.
Methods of analysis of antimicrobials can be grouped in three categories: microbiological, immunochemical, or physico-chemical. Microbiological methods are fast screening methods which allow a high sample throughput but limited information is obtained about the substance identification and its concentration in the sample. When residues are found in a screening test, a confirmatory test shall be carried out, which normally involves a more sophisticated testing method providing full or complementary information enabling the substance to be identified precisely and confirming that the MRL has been exceeded.
Immunochemical methods are rapid, selective, and sensitive and are widely applied in some areas of residue analysis. Physico-chemical methods are more sophisticated and they allow a more accurate identification and quantification of the substance.
In the case of antibacterials, some of the screening tests are based on microbiological tests, whereby the sample or sample extract is tested for inhibition of bacterial growth. If, after a specific period of incubation, the sample inhibited the growth of the bacteria, it is considered that an antibacterial substance was present in the sample, but the specific substance is not identified. Given that this is a qualitative analytical method, a misinterpretation of the results cannot be ruled out and some false positives can occur.
The total number of analyses carried out in 2010 for antimicrobials in targeted samples was 128,698, of which 299 (0.23 %) were non-compliant (322 non-compliant results) (Table 1). The number of samples analysed and the percentage of non-compliant samples in each animal category is presented in Figure 2:
Figure 2: Number of targeted samples analysed and percentage of non-compliant samples for
antibacterials (B1) in animal/product categories.
It is important to mention that in some Member States there are specific control programmes which use microbiological tests (inhibitor tests). In some cases, a positive result in a microbiological test is sufficient to reject the sample. This may mean that no confirmation by a physico-chemical method is carried out and thus there is no conclusive identification of the substance concerned. In other cases, a positive result in the screening test is confirmed by means of an immunochemical or physico-chemical test and it is then possible to identify the substance and establish whether its concentration is above the MRL or not.
In Germany, for instance, there are two different strategies. One is to fulfil the requirements of the Directive 96/23/EC i. The second strategy is based on national law and means that at least 2 % of all commercially slaughtered calves and 0.5 % of all other commercially slaughtered hoofed animals must be officially sampled and analysed for residues of antimicrobials using inhibitor tests. To finally assess compliance with MRLs, all non compliant or suspicious results obtained with the inhibitor tests must be confirmed using chemical instrument analyses, as it is also the case with the screening results of tests performed pursuant to Directive 96/23/EC i. In 2010, 273,627 samples were analysed in Germany under this scheme (23,006 for bovines, 247,376 for pigs, 2,992 for sheep and goats, 122 for horses, 37 for poultry, 45 for aquaculture, 19 for farmed game and 30 for rabbit meat) giving rise to 655 positive inhibitor tests (192 in bovines, 455 in pigs, seven in sheep and goats, and one in poultry).
• Other veterinary drugs
The group “other veterinary drugs” (B2) includes a variety of veterinary medicinal products classified according to their pharmacological action in:
• Anthelmintics (B2a) • Anticoccidials (B2b) • Carbamates and pyrethroids (B2c) • Sedatives (B2d) • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (B2e) and • Other pharmacologically active substances (B2f)
In the 2010 monitoring, 88,721 targeted samples were analysed for substances in the group B2 and 188 samples (0.21 %) were non-compliant. The total number of targeted samples analysed for each subgroup in the group B2 and the percentage of non-compliant samples is presented in Figure 3. It is important to note that the frequency of analyses for substances in the B2 subgroups follows a different pattern in each species, depending on their animal specific therapeutic application. For example, in bovines, the anthelmintics, NSAIDs and other pharmacologically active substances (corticosteroids are largely represented in this subgroup) were more frequently analysed than anticoccidials or sedatives. In poultry, anticoccidials was the largest subgroup whereas in horses it was the NSAIDs subgroup. An overview of the number of samples analysed and the percentage of non-compliant samples for the B2 subgroups in the specific animal/product category is presented in Table 4.
Regarding the number of samples analysed in each B2 subgroup the highest proportion of noncompliant samples was found for anticoccidials (B2b): 0.96 % in poultry, 1.61 % in horses, 0.39 % in sheep and goats, 1.27 % rabbit, 0.58 % farmed game and 0.22 % eggs.
Non-compliant samples for anthelmintics (B2a) were reported in bovines (0.06 %), pigs (0.08 %), sheep and goats (0.24 %) horses (0.52 %), farmed game (0.41 %) and milk (0.51 %).
For carbamates and pyrethroids (B2c), there was one non-compliant sample in honey (0.15 %).
Of the 10,147 targeted samples were analysed for sedatives (B2d) no non-compliant sample was reported.
For non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) non-compliant samples were reported in bovines (0.30 %), pigs (0.02 %), sheep and goats (0.21 %), horses (2.6 %), poultry (0.14 %), milk (0.03 %), and rabbits (1.37 %).
Figure 3: Number of targeted samples analysed within the group “other veterinary drugs” (B2) and
the percentage of non-compliant samples.
Non-compliant samples for “other pharmacologically active substances” (B2f) were reported in bovines (0.33 %), poultry (0.31 %), and pigs (0.04 %). More details on the number of samples analysed and non-compliant samples in each category are given in the sections 4.2 to 4.13 and in Appendix A.
Table 4: Number of targeted samples analysed for B2 subgroups in different animal categories and
the frequency of non-compliant samples (percentage from the total number of samples analysed in each animal category).
Group B2a B2b B2c B2d B2e B2f
n (a) % nc (b) n % nc n % nc n % nc n % nc n % nc
Bovines 4,975 0.06 1,763 0 1,685 0 2,319 0 4,735 0.30 6,324 0.33
Pigs 7,278 0.08 6,192 0 2,612 0 6,632 0 5,034 0.02 5,418 0.04
Sheep/goats 2,875 0.24 1035 0.39 590 0 600 0 480 0.21 409 0
Horses 193 0.52 62 1.6 71 0 120 0 377 2.6 88 0
Poultry 2,997 0 7,640 0.96 1,845 0 49 0 734 0.14 650 0.31
Aquaculture 728 0 40 0 232 0 3 0 1 0 92 0
Milk 5,291 0.51 295 0 244 0 25 0 3,411 0.03 469 0
Eggs 276 0 3,578 0.22 212 0 0 0 0 0 131 0
Rabbit 179 0 315 1.3 98 0 3 0 73 1.4 34 0
Farmed game 243 0.41 172 0.58 104 0 7 0 62 0 11 0
Wild game 16 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Honey 3 0 19 0 667 0.15 0 0 0 0 354 0
(a): Number of samples analysed (b): Percentage of non-compliant samples
• Other substances and environmental contaminants
The group “other substances and environmental contaminants" (B3) includes the following subcategories:
• Organochlorine compounds including PCBs (B3a), • Organophosphorus compounds (B3b), • Chemical elements (B3c), • Mycotoxins (B3d), • Dyes (B3e) and • Others (B3f).
In the 2010 residues monitoring 45,574 samples were analysed for substances in group B3 of which
680 samples were non-compliant (1.5 %) (723 non-compliant results). The total number of targeted samples analysed for each subgroup in group B3 and the percentage of non-compliant samples is presented in Figure 4. Similar to group B2, the frequency of analyses for certain B3 subgroups is highly variable with the targeted animal/product category. While chemical contaminants (B3c) are analysed in all animal/product categories, dyes (B3e) are analysed only in aquaculture products. An overview of the number of samples analysed and the percentage of non-compliant samples for the B3 subgroups in the specific animal group and animal product category is presented in Table 5.
The highest percentage of non-compliant samples was found, in almost all species, in the subgroup
B3c "chemical elements" (3.6 %). Similar to previous years, cadmium, lead, and mercury were the chemical elements frequently identified as responsible for non-compliance. Copper was newly introduced in the monitoring thus contributing to the increase of the total number of non-compliant samples in this group.
Instances of non-compliance for organochlorine compounds (B3a) and organophosphorus compounds
(B3b) were lower: 0.1 % and 0.03 %, respectively.
For mycotoxins (B3d), there were non-compliant samples for zearalenone and derivatives (one in bovines and one in pigs) and for aflatoxin M1 in milk (n = 7).
Dyes (B3e) were reported in aquaculture (37 non-compliant results; 1.8 %). Substances found were malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal violet and leuco crystal violet.
More details on the number of samples analysed and non-compliant samples in each category are given in the sections 4.2 to 4.13 and in Appendix A.
Figure 4: Number of samples analysed within the group “other substances and environmental
contaminants” (B3) and the percentage of non-compliant samples.
Table 5: Number of targeted samples analysed for B3 subgroups in different animal and product
categories and the frequency of non-compliant samples (percentage from the total number of samples analysed in each animal/product category).
Group B3a B3b B3c B3d B3e B3f
n (a) % nc (b) n % nc n % nc n % % nc n nc n % nc
Bovines 2,960 0.07 1,500 0 3,038 3.2 1,097 0.09 0 0 534 0
Pigs 4,416 0.02 2,330 0 5,126 5.2 2,068 0.05 0 0 1,186 0
Sheep/goats 1,487 0.27 1102 0.09 957 2.1 270 0 0 0 45 0
Horses 139 1.4 91 0 732 6.4 57 0 0 0 6 0
Poultry 2,217 0 218 0 1,987 0.1 722 0 0 0 215 0 Aquaculture 911 0.22 44 0 760 0 298 0 1,989 1.8 238 0
Milk 2,024 0.10 799 0 1,148 0.09 1,982 0.35 0 0 297 0
Eggs 1,850 0.05 285 0 188 0 7 0 0 0 202 0
Rabbit 190 1.05 16 0 197 0.51 45 0 0 0 14 0
Farmed
game 230 0 26 0 281 5.3 32 0 0 0 59 0
Wild game 434 0.23 88 0 1,989 8.0 10 0 0 0 195 0
Honey 629 0 596 0.17 538 0.74 23 0 0 0 206 0.49
(a): Number of samples analysed
(b): Percentage of non-compliant samples
• Multi-year analysis
It is important to note that this analysis is based on data that were partially aggregated. Also, the number of samples analysed for each substance group and animal/product category and the spectrum of substances analysed was not necessarily the same over the four years. Therefore this analysis should be regarded as having a certain degree of uncertainty. The purpose of this exercise was to check whether there is a major shift of the percentage of non-compliant samples at substance group level. An overall picture covering the period 2007 - 2010 (EU 27) is presented in Figure 5. The percentage of overall non-compliant samples in 2010 was in the same range as in the previous three years (0.32 % - 0.34 %).
Among hormones and prohibited substances (group A) less than 0.2 % of the samples were noncompliant over the four years with the lowest percentage in 2010 (0.11 %). There was no noncompliant sample for stilbenes (A1) in the fours years included in the analysis and only a very limited number of non-compliant samples for beta-agonists (A5) (0.01 % - 0.02 %). The percentage of noncompliant samples for antithyroid agents (A2) and prohibited substances (A6) was in the same range over the four years (A2: 0.41 % - 0.47 %; A6: 0.05 % - 0.09 %). For steroids (A3), the percentage of non-compliant samples was lower in 2010 compared to 2007 - 2009 (0.19 % compared to 0.27 % - 0.39 %). Similarly, a lower percentage of non-compliant samples was reported in 2010 for resorcylic acid lactones (A4) (0.09 % in 2010 compared to 0.17 % - 0.23 % in 2007 - 2009). With regard to steroids it is important to mention that some Member States reported corticosteroids in this group (see chapter 4.1.1.1) and thus they have been included in this calculation.
In the group of antibacterials (B1), the percentage of non-compliant samples remained relatively constant over the four years (0.21 % - 0.29 %). In the group B2 (other veterinary drugs), the highest percentage of non-compliant samples in the four years was for anticoccidials (B2b) (0.43 % - 1.6 %) with the lowest value observed in 2010. Proportion of non-compliant samples for anthelmintics (B2a) slightly increased over the four years (0.05 % in 2008 to 0.18 % in 2010). In the groups of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) and “other pharmacologically active substances" (B2f) the proportion of non-compliant samples remained relatively constant (around 0.1 % - 0.2 %). Non-compliant samples for carbamates and pyrethroids (B2c) were found in only a few isolated cases. There were no non-compliant samples for sedatives (B2d) in 2008, 2009 and 2010 (0.15 % in 2007).
Figure 5: Percentage of non-compliant samples reported in relation to the total number of targeted
samples analysed for the respective group in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 (substance groups are detailed in Appendix E).
In the group of “other substances and environmental contaminants” (B3), the percentage of non-compliant samples increased from 1 % in 2007 – 2009 to 1.5 % in 2010. The increase was mainly due to the higher proportion of non-compliant samples for chemical elements (B3c). In 2010, copper was introduced in the monitoring thus contributing to the increase of the total number of noncompliant samples in this group. Non-compliant samples in the groups of organochlorine compounds (B3a), mycotoxins (B3d), and “other substances” (B3f) represented about 0.1 % - 0.5 % of the total number of samples analysed in each year. For organophosphorus compounds (B3b), the number of non-compliant samples was very low (zero to three per year). No major change was observed in the number of non-compliant samples for dyes (B3e) (1.5 – 2.2 %).
Although this analysis could be biased by several factors, it appears that the frequency of noncompliant samples for steroids (A3), resorcylic acid lactones (A4), anticoccidials (B2b), organochlorine compounds (B3a) and mycotoxins (B3d) was slightly lower compared to previous years whereas the proportion of non-compliant samples for chemical elements (B3c; mainly heavy metals) was higher in 2010 compared to the period 2007 - 2009. For the other substance groups, apparently there were no notable variations over the four years (EC, 2007; EFSA, 2010b; EFSA, 2011).
• Bovines
Council Directive 96/23/EC i requires that the minimum number of bovine animas to be controlled each year for all kinds of residues and substances is 0.4 % of the bovine animals slaughtered the previous year. The minimum requirements for the number of samples were fulfilled in 2010 for the EU overall, and by the vast majority of the Member States (Table 6). Only two Member States (Greece and Romania) did not achieve the minimum required. The percentage of targeted samples taken in each Member State for the reported production of bovines is presented in Table 7.
Table 6: Production of bovines and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production Targeted % Animals Minimum (animals) samples tested (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 27,087,367 129,201 0.47 2008 (EU 27) 26,898,702 122,648 0.48
2009 (EU 27) 26,677,946 127,897 0.48 0.4
2010 (EU 27) 26,267,917 128,130 0.48
(a): related to the production of the previous year.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in bovines and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 8. Of the 128 130 samples analysed in this category 311 (0.24 %) were non-compliant (336 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 19 Member States.
Table 7: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected in bovines.
Production Number of Animals Production Number of Animals Country 2009 samples tested Country 2009 samples tested
(animals) 2010 (%) (animals) 2010 (%)
Austria 699,783 3,784 0.54 Latvia 113,503 455 0.40 Belgium 850,000 5,892 0.69 Lithuania 185,787 957 0.52 Bulgaria 38,169 145 0.40 Luxemburg 26,141 113 0.43 Cyprus 17,308 784 4.5 Malta 6,046 58 0.96 Czech Republic 289,042 1,414 0.49 Netherlands 2,050,000 14,687 0.72 Denmark 487,611 2,092 0.43 Poland 1,586,229 6,589 0.42 Estonia 48,075 290 0.60 Portugal 449,442 1,885 0.42 Finland 265,448 1,243 0.47 Romania 123,073 285 0.23 France 5,002,666 20,101 0.40 Slovakia 77,257 472 0.61 Germany 3,747,737 14,837 0.40 Slovenia 123,760 521 0.42 Greece 252,374 725 0.29 Spain 2,528,758 11,521 0.46 Hungary 120,384 609 0.51 Sweden 433,960 1,997 0.46 Ireland 1,591,651 7,279 0.46 United Kingdom 2,613,914 11,317 0.43 Italy 2,949,828 18,078 0.61 Total (EU 27) 26,677,946 128,130 0.48
No non-compliant samples were reported for the group A1. In the group A2, five Member States reported a total of 42 non-compliant samples, all for thiouracil and ethylthiouracil. In the group A3, three Member States reported a total of 50 non-compliant samples (51 non-compliant results) of which 14 for epinandrolone, one for 17-alpha nortestosteron one for boldenone and 35 for corticosteroids. Together with the results for corticosteroids reported in the group B2f there were 56 non-compliant samples for corticosteroids in bovine animals. In the group A4, five Member States reported 18 noncompliant samples (28 non-compliant results) for zearalanol and alpha and beta-zearalanol. Betaagonists (A5) accounted for six samples (five for clenbuterol and one for isoxsuprine) by three Member States. Prohibited substances (A6) were found in seven samples. Substances identified were: chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and semicarbazide.
For antibacterials (B1), eleven Member States reported a total of 49 non-compliant samples (55 non-compliant results). Among the substances identified, oxytetracycline was the most frequent one (13 non-compliant samples).
Table 8: Number of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in bovines.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 77,444 60 122 0.16 134 A1 12,743 10 0 0.00 0 A2 5,552 4.3 42 0.76 42 A3 30,074 23 50 0.17 51 A4 12,104 9.4 18 0.15 28 A5 23,686 18 6 0.03 6 A6 15,377 12 6 0.04 7
B 52,552 41 189 0.36 202 B1 24,435 19 49 0.20 55 B2 21,418 17 37 0.17 38 B2a 4,975 3.9 3 0.06 3 B2b 1,763 1.4 0 0.00 0 B2c 1,685 1.3 0 0.00 0 B2d 2,319 1.8 0 0.00 0 B2e 4,735 3.7 14 0.30 14 B2f 6,324 4.9 21 0.33 21
B3 7,429 5.8 101 1.36 109 B3a 2,960 2.3 2 0.07 2 B3b 1,500 1.2 0 0.00 0 B3c 3,038 2.4 98 3.23 104 B3d 1,097 0.9 1 0.09 3 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 534 0.4 0 0.00 0
Total 128,130 100 311 0.24 336 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
In the group B2, non-compliant samples were reported for ivermectin, (n = 3; B2a) non-steroidal (n = 14; B2e) and steroidal (n = 21; B2f) anti-inflammatory drugs.
In the group B3, there were two non-compliant samples for organochlorine compounds and dioxin (B3a) and 98 for heavy metals (B3c).
A detailed presentation on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State is given in Appendix A.
• Pigs
Council Directive 96/23/EC i requires that the minimum number of pigs that have to be controlled each year for all kinds of residues and substances is 0.05 % of the pigs slaughtered the previous year. The minimum requirements for the number of samples to be taken were fulfilled in 2010 for the EU overall, and by the vast majority of the Member States (Table 9). Only two Member States (Greece and Romania) did not achieve the minimum required. The percentage of targeted samples taken in each Member State for the reported pig production is presented in Table 10.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in pigs and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 11. Of the 136,792 samples analysed in this category 424 (0.31 %) were non-compliant (464 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 18 Member States.
Table 9: Production of pigs and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production Targeted % Animals Minimum (animals) samples tested (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 241,501,638 144,378 0.06 2008 (EU 27) 244,965,996 137,281 0.06
2009 (EU 27) 242,260,526 138,137 0.06 0.05
2010 (EU 27) 245,149,546 136,792 0.06
(a): in relation to the production of the previous year.
There were no non-compliant samples in the group A1. In the group A2, two Member States reported a total of 2 non-compliant samples, both for thiouracil. In the group A3, three Member States reported 30 non-compliant samples of which 21 for nandrolone. One Member State reported three noncompliant samples (six non-compliant results) for alpha- and beta-zearalanol (A4). In the group A5, one Member State reported one non-compliant sample for Clenbuterol. Prohibited substances (A6) were found by five Member States in 8 samples of which six samples were non-compliant for chloramphenicol.
Table 10: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected in pigs.
Production Number of Animals Production Number of Animals Country 2009 samples tested Country 2009 samples tested
(animals) 2010 (%) (animals) 2010 (%)
Austria 5,537,389 3,140 0.06 Latvia 402,828 213 0.05 Belgium 11,486,000 5,983 0.05 Lithuania 551,811 591 0.11 Bulgaria 531,631 300 0.06 Luxemburg 135,765 73 0.05 Cyprus 723,536 3,048 0.42 Malta 90,140 78 0.09 Czech Republic 3,408,081 1,893 0.06 Netherlands 14,140,000 8,081 0.06 Denmark 19,386,814 10,017 0.05 Poland 17,886,361 10,828 0.06 Estonia 474,893 1,188 0.25 Portugal 4,667,272 2,756 0.06 Finland 2,433,724 1,422 0.06 Romania 3,037,643 736 0.02 France 25,290,776 12,409 0.05 Slovakia 1,084,460 611 0.06 Germany 55,618,395 28,725 0.05 Slovenia 295,491 168 0.06 Greece 1,860,183 716 0.04 Spain 40,943,121 21,068 0.05 Hungary 4,445,592 2,604 0.06 Sweden 2,969,690 1547 0.05 Ireland 2,406,471 6,225 0.26 United Kingdom 8,836,021 4587 0.05 Italy 13,616,438 7,785 0.06 Total (EU 27) 242,260,526 136,792 0.06
For antibacterials (B1), 17 Member States reported a total of 102 non-compliant samples (114 non-compliant results). The most frequent substances reported were: dihydrostreptomycin (n = 18), doxycycline (n = 16), oxytetracycline (n = 11) and sulfadiazine (n = 11).
In the group B2, four Member States reported nine non-compliant samples. They were distributed as follows: six for anthelmintics (B2a), one for NSAIDs (B2e) and two for corticosteroids (B2f). There were no non-compliant samples for the groups B2b, B2c and B2d.
In the group B3, there were 270 non-compliant samples (294 non-compliant results). The noncompliant results were distributed as follows: two for organochlorine compounds (B3a), 290 for heavy metals (B3c) and two for zearalenone (B3d). Out of the 290 non-compliant results for heavy metals, 221 were reported by one Member State as non-compliant for mercury.
The specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are presented in Appendix A.
Table 11: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in pigs.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 51,757 38 43 0.08 47 A1 6,458 4.7 0 0.00 0 A2 3,039 2.2 2 0.07 2 A3 11,388 8.3 30 0.26 30 A4 6,046 4.4 3 0.05 6 A5 12,266 9.0 1 0.01 1 A6 22,466 16 7 0.03 8
B 92,108 67 381 0.41 417 B1 50,035 37 102 0.20 114 B2 31,676 23 9 0.03 9 B2a 7,278 5.3 6 0.08 6 B2b 6,192 4.5 0 0.00 0 B2c 2,612 1.9 0 0.00 0 B2d 6,632 4.8 0 0.00 0 B2e 5,034 3.7 1 0.02 1 B2f 5,418 4.0 2 0.04 2
B3 12,410 9.1 270 2.18 294 B3a 4,416 3.2 1 0.02 2 B3b 2,330 1.7 0 0.00 0 B3c 5,126 3.7 268 5.23 290 B3d 2,068 1.5 1 0.05 2 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 1,186 0.9 0 0.00 0
Total 136,792 100 424 0.31 464 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Sheep and goats
Council Directive 96/23/EC i requires that the minimum number of sheep and goats that have to be controlled each year for all kinds of residues and substances is 0.05 % of the animals slaughtered the previous year. The minimum requirements for the number of samples were fulfilled in 2010 for the EU overall (Table 12), and by the vast majority of the Member States (Table 13). Bulgaria Greece and Romania did not achieve the minimum sampling frequency for sheep and goats.
Table 12: Production of sheep and goats and number of targeted samples over 2009-2010.
Year Production Targeted % Animals Minimum (animals) samples tested (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 40,935,665 26,599 0.06 2008 (EU 27) 41,435,268 24,320 0.06
2009 (EU 27) 39,584,954 26,265 0.06 0.05
2010 (EU 27) 36,121,283 23,894 0.06
(a): in relation to the production of the previous year.
Table 13: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected in sheep and goats.
Production Number of Animals Production Number of Animals Country 2009 samples tested Country 2009 samples tested
(animals) 2010 (%) (animals) 2010 (%)
Austria 126,514 378 0.30 Latvia 9,338 21 0.22 Belgium 153,000 242 0.16 Lithuania 5,402 14 0.26 Bulgaria 585,434 156 0.03 Luxemburg 5,356 13 0.24 Cyprus 263,313 826 0.31 Malta 2,352 16 0.68 Czech Republic 12,408 67 0.54 Netherlands 740,000 489 0.07 Denmark 92,060 58 0.06 Poland 23,862 99 0.41 Estonia 5,808 3 0.05 Portugal 1,248,156 674 0.05 Finland 23,825 42 0.18 Romania 309,774 49 0.02 France 5,019,044 2451 0.05 Slovakia 156,403 118 0.08 Germany 1,021,989 600 0.06 Slovenia 10,058 33 0.33 Greece 1,431,472 601 0.04 Spain 8,902,157 6,050 0.07 Hungary 13,286 46 0.35 Sweden 254,670 123 0.05 Ireland 2,848,897 1913 0.07 United Kingdom 15,636,173 7890 0.05 Italy 684,203 922 0.13 Total (EU 27) 39,584,954 23,894 0.06
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in sheep and goats and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 14.
Table 14: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in sheep and goats.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 5,215 22 10 0.19 10 A1 537 2.2 0 0.00 0 A2 243 1.0 2 0.82 2
A4 524 2.2 0 0.00 0 A5 1,397 5.8 0 0.00 0 A6 1,990 8.3 1 0.05 1
B 19,058 80 60 0.31 68 B1 9,657 40 23 0.24 26 B2 5,959 25 12 0.20 12 B2a 2,875 12 7 0.24 7 B2b 1,035 4.3 4 0.39 4 B2c 590 2.5 0 0.00 0 B2d 600 2.5 0 0.00 0 B2e 480 2.0 1 0.21 1 B2f 409 1.7 0 0.00 0
B3 3,535 15 25 0.71 30 B3a 1,487 6.2 4 0.27 8 B3b 1,102 4.6 1 0.09 1 B3c 957 4.0 20 2.09 21 B3d 270 1.1 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 45 0.2 0 0.00 0
Total 23,894 100 70 0.29 78 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
Of the 23,894 samples analysed in this category 70 (0.29 %) were non-compliant (78 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 13 Member States. There were no noncompliant samples for the group A1. In the group A2, one Member State reported two non-compliant samples, both for thiouracil. In the group A3, two Member States reported 7 non-compliant samples (7 non-compliant results): 3 for 17-alpha-nortestosteron and 4 for epinandrolone.
No non-compliant samples were reported for the groups A4 and A5. In the group A6, there was only one non-compliant sample (furazolidone).
For antibacterials (B1), seven Member States reported a total of 23 non-compliant samples (26 non-compliant results). The most frequent substances reported were sulfamides (n = 14).
In the group B2, eight Member States reported 12 non-compliant samples (12 non-compliant results): seven for anthelmintics (B2a), four for anticoccidials (B2b) and one for NSAIDs (B2e). There were no non-compliant samples for the groups B2c, B2d and B2f.
In the group B3, there were 25 non-compliant samples (30 non-compliant results). The non-compliant results were distributed as follows: eight for dioxins and PCBs (B3a), one for organophosphorus compounds (B3b) and 21 for heavy metals (B3c). There were no non-compliant samples reported for the groups B3d, B3e and B3f.
A detailed presentation on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State is given in Appendix A.
• Horses
For horses, Council Directive 96/23/EC i requires that the number of samples is to be determined by each Member State in relation to the identified problem. Number of targeted samples taken in 2010 at EU level was similar to previous year (Table 15). Percentage of targeted samples taken in each Member State for the reported horse production is presented in Table 16. Estonia, Greece, and Luxembourg did not report horse production and thus no samples have been taken.
Table 15: Production of horses and number of targeted samples over 2009-2010.
Year Production Targeted % Animals Minimum (animals) samples tested (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 312,969 3,115 1.16 2008 (EU 27) 386,302 2,545 0.81
2009 (EU 27) 264,538 3,000 0.78 Not specified
2010 (EU 27) 258,362 3,094 1.17
(a): reported to the production of the previous year.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in horses and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 16.
Of the 3,094 samples analysed in this category 63 samples (2.04 %) were non-compliant (65 noncompliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 14 Member States. In the group A, there were only two non-compliant samples (two non-compliant results) for steroids (A3). No noncompliant samples were reported for the groups A1, A2, A4, A5 and A6.
In the group B3, there were 49 non-compliant samples (51 non-compliant results): two for dioxins and PCBs (B3a) and 47 for heavy metals (B3c): 34 for cadmium, and 13 for lead.
Table 16: No non-compliant sample was reported for antibacterials (B1). Production volume and
number of targeted samples collected for horses.
Production Number of Animals Production Number of Animals Country 2009 samples tested Country 2009 samples tested
(animals) 2010 (%) (animals) 2010 (%)
Austria 978 73 7.46 Latvia 430 17 3.9 Belgium 12,000 310 2.58 Lithuania 2,441 17 0.70 Bulgaria 6,647 4 0.06 Luxemburg 0 0 NA Cyprus 6,800 0 0.00 Malta 62 14 23 Czech Republic 297 20 6.73 Netherlands 1,912 154 8.1 Denmark 2,863 54 1.89 Poland 42,561 361 0.85 Estonia 0 0 NA Portugal 978 86 8.8 Finland 1,152 50 4.34 Romania 18,800 22 0.12 France 16,123 491 3.05 Slovakia 7 0 0.00 Germany 9,264 116 1.25 Slovenia 1,426 33 2.31 Greece 0 0 NA Spain 29,352 252 0.86 Hungary 90 2 2.22 Sweden 3,810 128 3.4 Ireland 3,746 230 6.14 United Kingdom 3,708 94 2.5 Italy 99,091 566 0.57 Total (EU 27) 264,538 3 094 1.17
NA: not applicable
Table 17: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in horses.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 676 22 2 0.30 2 A1 87 2.8 0 0.00 0 A2 48 1.6 0 0.00 0 A3 168 5.4 2 1.19 2 A4 92 3.0 0 0.00 0 A5 165 5.3 0 0.00 0 A6 186 6.0 0 0.00 0
B 2,479 80 61 2.46 63 B1 585 19 0 0.00 0 B2 926 30 12 1.30 12 B2a 193 6 1 0.52 1 B2b 62 2.0 1 1.61 1 B2c 71 2.3 0 0.00 0 B2d 120 3.9 0 0.00 0 B2e 377 12.2 10 2.65 10 B2f 88 2.8 0 0.00 0
B3 983 32 49 4.98 51 B3a 139 4.5 2 1.44 4 B3b 91 2.9 0 0.00 0 B3c 732 23.7 47 6.42 47 B3d 57 1.8 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 6 0.2 0 0.00 0
Total 3,094 100 63 2.04 65 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
A detailed presentation on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State is given in Appendix A.
• Poultry
According to Directive 96/23/EC i, the minimum number of samples for each category of poultry must be one per 200 t of annual production, with a minimum of 100 samples for each group of substances where annual production in the category concerned is over 5,000 t. The minimum requirement of one sample analysed per 200 t production was achieved for the EU overall (Table 18).
Table 18: Production of poultry and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Samples
Year Production (t) Targeted Minimum samples tested/200 t
tested (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 10,912,500 62,101 1.15 2008 (EU 27) 12,421,566 60,406 1.11
2009 (EU 27) 11,383,434 61,989 1.00 1/200 t
2010 (EU 27) 11,804,262 61,259 1.08
(a): related to the production of the previous year.
Percentage of targeted samples taken in each Member State for the reported production of poultry is given in Table 19. Member States which did not achieve this requirement were Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary and Romania. Luxembourg did not report poultry production for 2009 and in consequence no samples were taken in 2010. The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and noncompliant results in poultry and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 20.
Table 19: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for poultry.
Number of Samples Number of Samples
Country Production 2009 (t) samples tested/ Country Production samples tested/
2010 200 t 2009 (t) 2010 200 t
Austria 95,872 767 1.60 Latvia 23,080 194 1.7 Belgium 352,400 2,430 1.38 Lithuania 38,677 198 1.0 Bulgaria 82,000 377 0.92 Luxemburg 0 0 NA Cyprus 20,685 1,099 10.6 Malta 4,686 206 8.8 Czech Republic 176,316 1,020 1.16 Netherlands 767,150 3,940 1.0 Denmark 138,363 764 1.10 Poland 1,134,992 6,784 1.2 Estonia 11,117 200 3.60 Portugal 282,827 1,860 1.3 Finland 99,684 631 1.27 Romania 324,786 763 0.47 France 1,691,627 8,434 1.00 Slovakia 77,656 539 1.4 Germany 1,271,824 7,948 1.25 Slovenia 56,477 328 1.2 Greece 185,485 400 0.43 Spain 1,214,912 6,000 1.0 Hungary 494,019 1,553 0.63 Sweden 111,740 565 1.0 Ireland 135,990 1,139 1.68 United Kingdom 1,417,069 7,268 1.0 Italy 1,174,000 5,852 1.00 Total (EU 27) 11,383,434 61,259 1.08
NA: not applicable
Of the 61,259 samples analysed in this category 105 (0.17 %) were non-compliant (106 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 15 Member States. Only one non-compliant sample was reported in the group A3 and none in the groups A1, A2, A4, and A5. Prohibited substances (A6) were reported by five Member States. They included chloramphenicol (n = 3), 3-amino-2-oxazolidone (n = 2), metronidazole (n = 1) and semicarbazide (n = 1).
Table 20: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in poultry.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 27,893 46 8 0.03 8 A1 3,270 5.3 0 0.00 0 A2 934 1.5 0 0.00 0 A3 4,055 6.6 1 0.02 1 A4 3,239 5.3 0 0.00 0 A5 5,596 9.1 0 0.00 0 A6 16,830 27.5 7 0.04 7
B 35,170 57 97 0.28 98 B1 16,968 28 19 0.11 20 B2 13,855 23 76 0.55 76 B2a 2,997 5 0 0.00 0 B2b 7,640 12.5 73 0.96 73 B2c 1,845 3.0 0 0.00 0 B2d 49 0.1 0 0.00 0 B2e 734 1.2 1 0.14 1 B2f 650 1.1 2 0.31 2
B3 4,670 8 2 0.04 2 B3a 2,217 3.6 0 0.00 0 B3b 218 0.4 0 0.00 0 B3c 1,987 3.2 2 0.10 2 B3d 722 1.2 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 215 0.4 0 0.00 0
Total 61,259 100 105 0.17 106 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
For antibacterials (B1), six Member States reported a total of 19 non-compliant samples (20 non-compliant results). The most frequent substance reported was doxycycline (n = 14).
In the group B2, the highest number of non-compliant samples reported was for anticoccidials (B2b): 73 samples from 13 Member States. The most founded substances were nicarbazin (n = 46), lasalocid (n = 8) and maduramycin (n = 5). Other non-compliant results reported in the group B2 were for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) (n = 1) and other pharmacologically active substances (B2f) (n = 2). No non-compliant samples were reported in the groups B2a, B2c and B2d.
In the group B3, there were two non-compliant samples for heavy metals (B3c).
The specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are presented in Appendix A.
• Aquaculture
Directive 96/23/EC i specifies that the minimum number of samples to be collected each year must be at least one per 100 t of annual production. The minimum requirements for the number of samples to be taken were fulfilled in 2010 for the EU overall (Table 21) and by the vast majority of Member States. The production volume and the number of samples analysed in each Member State are given in Table 22. Greece, Malta and Romania did not analyse at least one sample/100 t of production. Luxembourg did not report aquaculture production and consequently no samples were taken.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in aquaculture and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 23.
For antibacterials (B1), only one Member State reported nine non-compliant samples found by applying inhibitor tests.
Table 21: Production of aquaculture and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted % Samples Minimum samples tested/100 t (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 602,555 9,257, 1.53 2008 (EU 27) 644,875 8,751 1.45
2009 (EU 27) 627,109 8,606 1.33 1/100 t
2010 (EU 27) 622,032 8,668 1.40
(a): related to the production of the previous year.
Of the 8,668 samples analysed for aquaculture 40 samples (0.46 %) were non-compliant (41 noncompliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by nine Member States. In the group A, there was only one non-compliant sample for AMOZ (A6). There were no non-compliant samples for the groups A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5. Only one non-compliant sample was reported in the group B1.
There were no non-compliant samples in any of the B2 subgroups. No monitoring is required for substances in the groups B2d (sedatives) and B2e (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in aquaculture (Annex II of the Council Directive 96/23/EC i).
Table 22: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for aquaculture.
Country Production
Number of Samples Number of Samples
2009 (t) samples tested/ Country
Production
2010 200 t 2009 (t)
samples tested/ 2010 200 t
Austria 2,756 227 8.2 Latvia 583 15 2.6 Belgium 3,000 197 6.6 Lithuania 3,422 49 1.4 Bulgaria 2,109 519 24.6 Luxemburg 0 0 NA Cyprus 3,387 397 11.7 Malta 2,900 0 0.0 Czech Republic 20,420 311 1.5 Netherlands 7,000 92 1.3 Denmark 36,000 362 1.0 Poland 35,500 712 2.0 Estonia 484 15 3.1 Portugal 4,292 51 1.2 Finland 13,439 213 1.6 Romania 11,065 95 0.9 France 42,104 718 1.7 Slovakia 567 104 18.3 Greece 100,000 817 0.68 Spain 52,236 552 1.1 Hungary 9,052 143 1.6 Sweden 9,500 100 1.1 Ireland 11,899 140 1.2 United Kingdom 152,554 1,553 1.0 Italy 63,900 719 1.1 Total (EU 27) 627,109 8,668 1.4
NA: not applicable.
In the group B3, 38 non-compliant samples proved to be non-compliant (39 non-compliant results). The non-compliant results were distributed as follows: two for dioxins (B3a) and 37 for dyes (malachite green, leuco-malachite green, crystal violet and leuco-crystal violet (B3d). It is evident that with 1.8 % non-compliant samples in group B3e, residues of dyes are the most frequently found residues in aquaculture.
The specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are presented in Appendix A.
Table 23: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in aquaculture.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 2,428 28 1 0.04 1 A1 219 2.5 0 0.00 0 A2 1 0.0 0 0.00 0 A3 345 4.0 0 0.00 0 A4 79 0.9 0 0.00 0 A5 80 0.9 0 0.00 0 A6 1,834 21.2 1 0.05 1
B 6,479 75 39 0.60 40 B1 1,919 22 1 0.05 1 B2 910 10 0 0.00 0 B2a 728 8 0 0.00 0 B2b 40 0.5 0 0.00 0 B2c 232 2.7 0 0.00 0 B2d 3 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2e 1 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2f 92 1.1 0 0.00 0
B3 3,934 45 38 0.97 39 B3a 911 10.5 2 0.22 2 B3b 44 0.5 0 0.00 0 B3c 760 8.8 0 0.00 0 B3d 298 3.4 0 0.00 0 B3e 1,989 22.9 36 1.8 37 B3f 238 2.7 0 0.00 0
Total 8,668 100 40 0.46 41 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Milk
Commission Decision 97/747/EC i lays down that the annual number of samples taken should be one per 15 000 t of annual milk production, with a minimum of 300 samples. The minimum requirements for the number of samples to be taken were fulfilled in 2010 for the EU overall and by all Member States (Table 24). The total number of milk samples taken in 2010 was by 34 % lower compared to 2009. This was due to one Member State which reported for 2010 about 23 000 less samples analysed by inhibitor tests (Table 25).
Table 24: Production of milk and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted Samples Minimum samples tested/15 000 t (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 142,461,705 51,571 5.3 2008 (EU 27) 145,006,173 53,333 5.6
2009 (EU 27) 141,669,974 54,063 5.6 1/15 000 t
2010 (EU 27) 144,705,166 30,372 3.2
(a): related to the production of the previous year.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in milk and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 26.
Of the 30,372 milk samples analysed 56 (0.18 %) were non-compliant (57 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 11 Member States. In the group A, there were only three non-compliant samples for chloramphenicol (A6). According to Annex II of the Council Directive 96/23/EC i there is no requirement for residue monitoring of the substances in groups A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 in milk.
Table 25: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for milk.
Samples Number of Samples
Country Production
Number of
2009 (t) samples tested/ Country
Production tested/
2010 15000 t 2009 (t)
samples 2010 15000 t
Austria 3,221,095 344 1.6 Latvia 833,200 713 13 Belgium 2,849,230 624 3.3 Lithuania 1,288,542 1,173 14 Bulgaria 525,182 859 25 Luxemburg 275,000 302 16 Cyprus 151,000 4,126 410 Malta 42,569 511 180 Czech Republic 2,697,000 525 2.9 Netherlands 11,402,915 1,466 1.9 Denmark 4,500,000 945 3.2 Poland 12,180,000 2,650 3.3 Estonia 694,203 300 6.5 Portugal 2,021,686 1,247 9.3 Finland 2,264,100 305 2.0 Romania 292,895 214 11 France 23,963,886 1,738 1.1 Slovakia 1,057,200 506 7.2 Germany 27,696,875 1,896 1.0 Slovenia 504,904 336 10 Greece 1,845,250 754 6.1 Spain 7,158,286 1,438 3.0 Hungary 1,011,063 646 9.6 Sweden 2,926,000 300 1.5 Ireland 4,931,405 1,349 4.1 United Kingdom 13,420,207 3,042 3.4 Italy 11,916,281 2,063 2.6 Total (EU 27) 141,669,974 30,372 3.2
Table 26: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in milk.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (d)
A 6,494 21 3 0.05 3 A1 1 0.0 0 0.00 0 A2 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A3 68 0.2 0 0.00 0 A4 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A5 161 0.5 0 0.00 0 A6 6,805 22.4 3 0.04 3
B 26,955 89 53 0.20 54 B1 16,111 53 15 0.09 15 B2 7,674 25 26 0.34 29 B2a 5,291 17 27 0.51 28 B2b 295 1.0 0 0.00 0 B2c 244 0.8 0 0.00 0 B2d 25 0.1 0 0.00 0 B2e 3,411 11.2 1 0.03 1 B2f 469 1.5 0 0.00 0
B3 5,459 18 10 0.18 10 B3a 2,024 6.7 2 0.10 2 B3b 799 2.6 0 0.00 0 B3c 1,148 3.8 1 0.09 1 B3d 1,982 6.5 7 0.35 7 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 297 1.0 0 0.00 0
Total 30,372 100 56 0.18 57 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
For antibacterials (B1), four Member States reported a total of 15 non-compliant samples (15 non-compliant results) of which 12 were found by applying inhibitor tests, one for ampicillin, one for cloxacillin and one for tetracycline.
In the group B2, there were 27 non-compliant samples (28 non-compliant results) for anthelmintics (B2a) and one for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e). In the group B3, there were 10 noncompliant samples (10 non-compliant results) distributed as follows: two for organochlorine compounds (B3a), one for heavy metals (B3c) and seven for aflatoxin M1 (B3d). To note that all noncompliant results for aflatoxin M1 were reported by one Member State.
More information on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State is given in Appendix A.
• Eggs
The number of samples to be taken each year must be at least equal to one per 1,000 t of annual egg production, with a minimum of 200 samples. This requirement was fulfilled at the EU level (Table 27) and by all Member States (Table 28).
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in eggs and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 29.
Of the 12,715 egg samples analysed 20 (0.16 %) were non-compliant (21 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by ten Member States.
Directive 96/23/EC i, Annex II requires Member States to monitor in the group A only the residues of the prohibited substances (A6). Although 3,636 samples were analysed for this group no non-compliant sample was reported.
Table 27: Production of eggs and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted samples Samples Minimum tested/1000 t (a) 96/23/EC
2007 (EU 27) 6,114,369 13,685 2.3 2008 (EU 27) 6,021,476 10,859 1.8
2009 (EU 27) 6,137,732 13,031 2.2 1/1000 t
2010 (EU 27) 6,101,039 12,715 2.1
(a): related to the production of the previous year.
For antibacterials (B1), eleven non-compliant samples were reported by seven Member States. Substances found were: enrofloxacin (n = 5), doxycycline (n = 4), sulfadiazine (n = 1) and sulfadimethoxine (n = 1).
In the group B2, 8 non-compliant samples were found (8 non-compliant results) for anticoccidials (B2b) representing 0.22 % of the total samples analysed for this substance group.
In the group B3 only one non-compliant sample was reported for dioxins and PCBs (B3a).
More details on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are given in Appendix A.
Table 28: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for eggs.
Samples Number of Samples
Country Production
Number of
2009 (t) samples tested/ Country
Production
2010 1000 t 2009 (t)
samples tested/ 2010 1000 t
Austria 96,241 221 2.3 Latvia 36,100 475 13 Belgium 125,754 238 1.9 Lithuania 49,560 203 4.1 Bulgaria 43,833 388 8.9 Luxemburg 1,200 98 82 Cyprus 7,960 403 51 Malta 7,192 200 28 Czech Republic 140,804 312 2.2 Netherlands 579,000 1,271 2.2 Denmark 52,000 502 9.7 Poland 497,100 700 1.4 Estonia 9,228 200 22 Portugal 90,206 495 5.5 Finland 53,900 200 3.7 Romania 156 170 1,090 France 926,708 981 1.1 Slovakia 72,500 235 3.2 Germany 725,351 785 1.1 Slovenia 25,118 216 8.6 Greece 108,767 127 1.2 Spain 874,009 1,034 1.2 Hungary 122,861 393 3.2 Sweden 102,500 200 2.0 Ireland 37,370 264 7.1 United Kingdom 536,314 1,356 2.5 Italy 816,000 1,048 1.3 Total (EU 27) 6,137,732 12,715 2.1
Table 29: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in eggs.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (b)
A 3,596 28 0 0.00 0 A1 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A2 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A3 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A4 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A5 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A6 3,636 28.6 0 0.00 0
B 10,064 79 20 0.20 21 B1 4,533 36 11 0.24 11 B2 4,066 32 8 0.20 8 B2a 276 2 0 0.00 0 B2b 3,578 28.1 8 0.22 8 B2c 212 1.7 0 0.00 0 B2d 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2f 131 1.0 0 0.00 0
B3 2,301 18 1 0.04 2 B3a 1,850 14.5 1 0.05 2 B3b 285 2.2 0 0.00 0 B3c 188 1.5 0 0.00 0 B3d 7 0.1 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 202 1.6 0 0.00 0
Total 12,715 100 20 0.16 21 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Rabbit meat
The number of samples to be taken each year must be equal to ten per 300 t of annual production (dead weight) for the first 3,000 t, plus one sample for each additional 300 t. The rate between the total targeted samples reported and the minimum number of samples that should be collected for the reported production, as specified in the Commission Decision 97/147/EC i, was calculated.
Table 30: Production of rabbit meat and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted samples
2007 (EU 27) 189,932 4,480 2008 (EU 27) 187,389 3,625 2009 (EU 27) 199,655 3,691 2010 (EU 27) 172,353 3,885
To calculate the total number of samples that should be collected, two different equations were applied depending on the production volume, as follows:
-
a)For countries with production above 3000 t
Total samples required = {(10/300x3000) + [(Production reported in tonnes -3000) x (1/300)]}
-
b)For countries with production below 3000 t
Total samples required = Production reported in t x (10/300)
Countries with a rate equal to one or above completely fulfilled the requirements for sampling frequency. Countries with a value below one did not.
Table 31: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for rabbit meat.
Number of Samples
Country Production Production
Number of Samples
2009 (t) samples tested/ Country 2010 required 2009 (t) samples tested/ 2010 required
Austria 0 0 NA Latvia 11 22 60 Belgium 5,000 160 1.5 Lithuania 34 13 11 Bulgaria 15 69 138 Luxemburg 8 10 38 Cyprus 113 304 81 Malta 2,500 78 0.9 Czech Republic 1,520 61 1.2 Netherlands 27 21 23 Denmark 0 0 NA Poland 1,693 137 2.4 Estonia 0 0 NA Portugal 8,429 137 1.2 Finland 0 0 NA Romania 18 0 0.0 France 64,366 819 2.7 Slovakia 1,367 75 1.6 Germany 367 25 2.0 Slovenia 33 26 24 Greece 3,983 82 0.8 Spain 56,250 1,191 4.3 Hungary 9,436 188 1.5 Sweden 0 0 NA Ireland 0 0 NA United Kingdom 5,400 11 0.1 Italy 39,085 456 2.1 Total (EU 27) 199,655 3,885 NA
NA: not applicable.
Production volume and number of targeted samples broken down by Member States are presented in Table 31. Greece, Malta, Romania and United Kingdom did not achieve the minimum sampling frequency requirement. Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Sweden did not report rabbit meat production in 2009 and in consequence no rabbit meat samples were taken in 2010.
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in rabbit meat and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 32.
Of the 3,885 samples analysed for rabbits, 20 (0.51 %) were non-compliant (20 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by five Member States.
In the group A, only two non-compliant samples were reported for chloramphenicol (A6).
In the group B, there were ten non-compliant samples for antibacterials (B1), four non-compliant results for anticoccidials (B2b), one for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) two for organochlorine compounds (B3a) and one for heavy metals (B3c).
More details on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are given in Appendix A.
Table 32: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in rabbit meat.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (b)
A 1,166 30 2 0.17 2 A1 88 2.3 0 0.00 0 A2 36 0.9 0 0.00 0 A3 80 2.1 0 0.00 0 A4 69 1.8 0 0.00 0 A5 148 3.8 0 0.00 0 A6 817 21.0 2 0.24 2
B 2,723 70 18 0.66 18 B1 1,615 42 10 0.62 10 B2 702 18 5 0.71 5 B2a 179 5 0 0.00 0 B2b 315 8.1 4 1.27 4 B2c 98 2.5 0 0.00 0 B2d 3 0.1 0 0.00 0 B2e 73 1.9 1 1.37 1 B2f 34 0.9 0 0.00 0
B3 418 11 3 0.72 3 B3a 190 4.9 2 1.05 2 B3b 16 0.4 0 0.00 0 B3c 197 5.1 1 0.51 1 B3d 45 1.2 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 14 0.4 0 0.00 0
Total 3,885 100 20 0.51 20 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Farmed game
European Commission Decision 97/747/EC i requires the number of samples to be taken each year in the Member States to be at least 100. The minimum number of samples was set as a provisional rule to be reviewed in light of the information provided by the Member States on their production figures. For farmed game, a total of 2,157 targeted samples were collected in 2010 in the EU (1,975 in 2009) (Table 33). Estonia, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia did not report farmed game production in 2009 (Table 34). The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and noncompliant results in farmed game and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 35.
Table 33: Production of farmed game and number of targeted samples over 2007-2009.
Year Production (t) Targeted samples
2007 (EU 27) 40,895 2,286 2008 (EU 27) 18,485 1,959 2009 (EU 27) 84,482 1,975 2010 (EU 27) 25,449 2,157
Of the 2,157 samples analysed for farmed game, 18 (0.83 %) were non-compliant (18 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by six Member States.
Table 34: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for farmed game.
Country Production Number of Production
Number of
2009 (t) samples, 2010 Country 2009 (t) samples, 2010
Austria 232 126 Latvia 35 22 Belgium 1,300 162 Lithuania 218 99 Bulgaria 22 93 Luxemburg 0 0 Cyprus 5 89 Malta 0 0 Czech Republic 41 100 Netherlands 44 100 Denmark 114 84 Poland 0 0 Estonia 0 0 Portugal 1,156 114 Finland 1,934 144 Romania 19 14 France 399 195 Slovakia 0 36 Germany 1,546 113 Slovenia 0 0 Greece 140 65 Spain 2,202 93 Hungary 68,380 37 Sweden 1,762 90 Ireland 56 122 United Kingdom 1,188 143 Italy 3,689 116 Total (EU 27) 84,482 2,157
There was only one non-compliant sample in the group A, namely for ronidazole (A6). In the group B, there were 15 non-compliant samples for heavy metals (B3c), one for anthelmintics (B2a) and one for anticoccidials (B2b). More details on the specific substances identified and the number of noncompliant results reported by each Member State are given in Appendix A.
Table 35: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in farmed game.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (b)
A 578 27 1 0.17 1 A1 52 2.4 0 0.00 0 A2 35 1.6 0 0.00 0 A3 47 2.2 0 0.00 0 A4 52 2.4 0 0.00 0 A5 137 6.4 0 0.00 0 A6 282 13.1 1 0.35 1
B 1,592 74 17 1.07 17 B1 482 22 0 0.00 0 B2 599 28 2 0.33 2 B2a 243 11 1 0.41 1 B2b 172 8.0 1 0.58 1 B2c 104 4.8 0 0.00 0 B2d 7 0.3 0 0.00 0 B2e 62 2.9 0 0.00 0 B2f 11 0.5 0 0.00 0
B3 535 25 15 2.80 15 B3a 230 10.7 0 0.00 0 B3b 26 1.2 0 0.00 0 B3c 281 13.0 15 5.34 15 B3d 32 1.5 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 59 2.7 0 0.00 0
Total 2,157 100 18 0.83 18 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Wild game
European Commission Decision 97/747/EC i requires the number of samples to be taken each year in the Member States to be at least 100 samples. Samples must be taken to analyse residues of chemical elements. For wild game, a total of 2,395 targeted samples were collected in 2010 in the EU (Table 36). Cyprus, Malta and Sweden did not report wild game production in 2009 (Table 37).
Table 36: Production of wild game and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted samples
2007 (EU 27) 270,704 2,360 2008 (EU 27) 316,541 2,443 2009 (EU 27) 252,328 2,488 2010 (EU 27) 147,097 2,395
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in wild game and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 38.
Of the 2,395 samples analysed for wild game, 160 (6.7 %) were non-compliant (163 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by 14 Member States. The vast majority of the non-compliant results (n = 161) were reported for heavy metals (B3c). Other one non-compliant result was reported for organochlorine compounds.
Table 37: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for wild game.
Country Production Number of Production
Number of
2009 (t) samples, 2010 Country 2009 (t) samples, 2010
Austria 9,187 178 Latvia 298 100 Belgium 2,010 147 Lithuania 290 89 Bulgaria 12 123 Luxemburg 360 100 Cyprus 0 0 Malta 0 0 Czech Republic 7,420 164 Netherlands 229 100 Denmark 156 68 Poland 16,705 204 Estonia 371 40 Portugal 57 98 Finland 88 41 Romania 362 49 France 33,508 98 Slovakia 2,662 84 Germany 63,991 100 Slovenia 1,956 101 Greece 100 22 Spain 14,519 82 Hungary 94045 108 Sweden 0 0 Ireland 152 111 United Kingdom 550 91 Italy 3,300 97 Total (EU 27) 252,328 2,395
More details on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are given in Appendix A.
Table 38: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in wild game.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (b)
A 3 0.13 0 0.00 0 A1 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A2 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A3 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A4 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A5 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A6 3 0.13 0 0.00 0
B 2,392 99.9 160 6.69 162 B1 10 0 0 0.00 0 B2 76 3 0 0.00 0 B2a 16 1 0 0.00 0 B2b 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2c 75 3.1 0 0.00 0 B2d 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2f 0 0.0 0 0.00 0
B3 2,332 97 160 6.86 162 B3a 434 18.1 1 0.23 1 B3b 88 3.7 0 0.00 0 B3c 1,989 83.0 159 8 161 B3d 10 0.4 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B3f 195 8.1 0 0.00 0
Total 2,395 100 160 6.7 162 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Honey
The number of samples to be taken must be at least 10 per 300 t of annual production for the first 3 000 t, plus one sample for each additional 300 t. In order to check the fulfilment of this requirement the same equations were applied as described in chapter 4.10.
Where the rate between the total targeted samples reported and the number of samples to be collected for the reported production is equal to one or higher, Member States completely fulfilled the requirements for sampling frequency. Member States with a value below one did not.
In 2010, 4 720 targeted samples were collected for honey in the EU (Table 39). Production volume and number of targeted samples broken down by Member State are presented in Table 40. Finland, Malta and Romania did not achieve the minimum sampling frequency requirement.
Table 39: Production of honey and number of targeted samples over 2007-2010.
Year Production (t) Targeted samples
2007 (EU 27) 188,945 5,850 2008 (EU 27) 158,694 5,257 2009 (EU 27) 162,213 4,826 2010 (EU 27) 191,501 4,720
The distribution of samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results in honey and the number of Member States reporting non-compliant results is presented in Table 41.
Table 40: Production volume and number of targeted samples collected for honey.
Number Number
Country Production of
Samples
2009 (t) samples, tested/ Country
Production of Samples
2009 (t) samples, tested/
2010 required 2010 required
Austria 5,700 170 1.6 Latvia 688 26 1.1 Bulgaria 5,451 143 1.3 Luxemburg 120 30 7.5 Cyprus 342 373 33 Malta 15 0 0.0 Czech Republic 6,800 180 1.6 Netherlands 100 25 7.5 Denmark 2,300 74 1.0 Poland 13,500 279 2.1 Estonia 501 18 1.1 Portugal 6,654 116 1.0 Finland 1,700 53 0.9 Romania 13,298 68 0.5 France 14,882 402 2.9 Slovakia 3,738 190 1.9 Germany 15,991 186 1.3 Slovenia 1,580 72 1.4 Greece 12,000 199 1.5 Spain 29,630 722 3.8 Hungary 11,377 511 4.0 Sweden 2,364 80 1.0 Ireland 140 105 23 United Kingdom 3,642 166 1.6 Italy 7,000 414 3.7 Total (EU 27) 162,213 4,720 NA
NA: not applicable.
Of the 4,720 samples analysed for honey 86 (1.8 %) were non-compliant (87 non-compliant results). The non-compliant samples were reported by ten Member States. The majority of the non-compliant results (n = 69) were for antibacterials (B1). Other non-compliant results were reported for pyrethroids (B2c) (n = 1), heavy metals (B3c) (n = 4), and diethyltoluamide (B3f) (n = 2).
More details on the specific substances identified and the number of non-compliant results reported by each Member State are given in Appendix A.
Table 41: Number of targeted samples analysed, non-compliant samples and non-compliant results
in honey.
Substance group (a) Samples analysed Non-compliant samples Non-compliant results
n (b) % n (c) % n (b)
A 543 12 10 1.84 10 A1 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A2 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A3 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A4 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A5 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 A6 602 12.8 10 1.66 10
B 4,288 91 76 1.77 77 B1 2,348 50 69 2.94 70 B2 860 18 1 0.12 1 B2a 3 0 0 0.00 0 B2b 19 0.4 0 0.00 0 B2c 667 14.1 1 0.15 1 B2d 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0 B2f 354 7.5 0 0.00 0
B3 1,568 33 6 0.38 6 B3a 629 13.3 0 0.00 0 B3b 596 12.6 1 0.17 1 B3c 538 11.4 4 0.74 4 B3d 23 0.5 0 0.00 0 B3e 0 0.0 0 0.00 0
Total 4,720 100 86 1.8 87 (a): as detailed in Appendix E; (b): number of samples analysed for one or more substances of the respective group; (c): number of non-compliant samples for one or more substances in the respective group; (d): number of non-compliant results; one sample can be non-compliant for more substances therefore the number of non-compliant results can be higher than the number of non-compliant samples of the same group.
• Suspect, import and other samples
In addition to the targeted samples collected in conformity with the specification of the NRCP for 2010, Member States also reported results on samples collected through other sampling strategy than targeted. According to Directive 96/23/EC i in case of infringements of maximum residue limits when animals or animal products are placed on the market, intensified checks on the animals and products from the farm and/or establishment in question must be carried out by the competent authorities. Also, in the event of possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product the competent authorities have to apply special measures including repeated sampling in the farm or establishment concerned. Thus, these samples are not representative for the assessment of the residue situation in the Member States and therefore they are reported separately in the residue database as “suspect samples”, as part of the follow-up measure taken in case of infringements.
In 2010, 30,659 suspect samples were reported of which 507 (1.65 %) were non-compliant (615 noncompliant results). An overview on the number of suspect samples analysed for the different animal species/product categories and the frequency of non-compliant samples is presented in Table 42. Further details on the substances identified and Member States which reported non-compliant results are given in Appendix B.
Apart from the data submitted in accordance to NRCPs, Member States reported a relatively limited number of results on samples checked at import (n = 5,377). As the control of samples at import is more linked to the third country monitoring than to residue monitoring, Member States report those results to the EC using the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) and the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) tools. Therefore, these data are of limited value and not representative for the overall situation of residue control at import. An overview on the number of import samples analysed for the different animal species/product categories and the frequency of non-compliant samples is presented in Table 42. Further details on the substances identified and Member States which reported non-compliant results are given in Appendix C.
In total, 282,689 samples were collected in the framework of other monitoring programmes developed under the national legislation. Of that, 273,627 were samples analysed in Germany for antibacterials by means of inhibitor tests (247,376 for pigs, 23,006 for bovines, 2,992 for sheep and goats, 122 for horses, 37 for poultry, 45 for aquaculture, 19 for farmed game and 30 for rabbit meat) giving rise to 655 positive inhibitor tests (192 in bovines, 455 in pigs, seven in sheep and goats, and one in poultry). An overview on the number of ‘other’ samples analysed for the different animal species/product categories and the frequency of non-compliant samples is presented in Table 42. Further details on the substances identified and Member States which reported non-compliant results are given in Appendix D.
Table 42: Number of suspect, import and other samples analysed and frequency of non-compliant
samples and in all species and products categories.
Group Sampling type
Suspect Import Other sampling
n nc n nc n nc Bovines 19,520 213 637 11 25,700 312 Pigs 9,545 183 327 0 248,350 638 Sheep/goats 342 4 193 1 3,015 11 Horses 28 0 144 1 227 12 Poultry 261 15 764 5 107 3 Aquaculture 184 26 2,589 19 63 0 Milk 510 19 44 1 4,070 21 Eggs 45 9 28 0 74 1 Rabbit 89 1 15 0 109 1 Farmed game 2 1 12 0 105 33 Wild game 11 3 66 1 3 0 Honey 122 33 558 2 866 7 Total 30,659 507 5,377 41 282,689 1,039 Percentage non-compliant samples 1.7 0.76 0.37
n: number of samples analysed; nc: number of non-compliant samples.
C ONCLUSIONS
• In 2010, 736,806 samples were reported by the 27 Member States in the framework of the
residue monitoring in the EU. A total of 418,081 targeted samples and 30,659 suspect samples were reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC i. Additionally, 282,689 samples collected in the framework of other programmes developed under the national legislation and 5,377
samples checked at import were reported.
• The large majority of Member States fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling
frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC i and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC i.
• Of the total targeted samples collected, 43 % were analysed for substances having an anabolic
effect and unauthorised substances (group A) and 61 % for veterinary drugs and contaminants (group B) (Note: some samples were analysed for substances in both groups therefore the sum
of percentages is higher than 100).
• There were 1,373 or 0.33 % of non-compliant samples out of the 418,081 targeted samples in
2010 compared to 0.32 % in 2009.
• As in the previous three years there were no non-compliant samples for stilbenes and
derivatives (A1).
• For antithyroid agents (A2), there were 0.47 % non-compliant samples, all for thiouracil and
ethylthiouracil, most likely caused by feeding cruciferous plants.
• In the group of steroids (A3), which includes as well some results on corticosteroids, there
were 0.19 % non-compliant samples in all animal and product categories. The non-compliant samples were found in bovines (0.17 %), pigs (0.26 %), sheep and goats (0.63 %), horses (1.2 %) and poultry (0.02 %). Non-compliant samples for corticosteroids were reported in group A3 (n = 36) and in group B2f (n = 23). The majority of incidences of non-compliance
for corticosteroids were reported in bovines (n = 56).
• In the group of resorcylic acid lactones (A4), 0.09 % of the samples were non-compliant for
zearanol and taleranol. For beta-agonists (A5), there were 0.02 % non-compliant samples.
• For prohibited substances, 0.05 % of samples were non-compliant. Substances identified were
chloramphenicol (n = 16), nitrofurans (n = 19) and nitroimidazoles (n = 5).
• For antibacterials (B1), 0.23 % of the samples analysed under the Directive 96/23 i monitoring
were non-compliant. The highest frequencies of non-compliant samples for antibacterials were
found in honey (2.9 %) and rabbit meat (0.62 %).
• A relatively high proportion of non-compliant samples was found for anticoccidials (B2b):
0.96 % in poultry, 1.6 % in horses, 0.39 % in sheep and goats, 1.3 % in rabbit meat, 0.58 % in
farmed game and 0.22 % in eggs.
• Instances of non-compliance for anthelmintics (B2a) were reported in bovines (0.06 %), pigs
(0.08 %), sheep and goats (0.24 %), horses (0.52 %), farmed game (0.41 %) and milk
(0.51 %).
• For carbamates and pyrethroids (B2c), there was only one non-compliant sample in honey.
• No non-compliant sample was reported for sedatives (B2d).
• For non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B2e) non-compliant samples were found in
bovines (0.30 %), sheep and goats (0.21 %), horses (2.6 %), poultry (0.14 %), rabbits (1.39 %)
and milk (0.03 %).
• Non-compliant samples for “other pharmacologically active substances” (B2f) were reported
in bovines (0.33 %), poultry (0.31 %) and pigs (0.04 %).
• In the group of “other substances and environmental contaminants" (B3), the highest
percentage of non-compliant samples was found for chemical elements (B3c) (3.6 %), in almost all species. Cadmium, lead, mercury and copper were the most frequent elements
identified.
• Instances of non-compliance for organochlorine compounds (B3a) and organophosphorus
compounds (B3b) were much lower: 0.10 % and 0.03 %, respectively.
• For mycotoxins (B3d), there were non-compliant samples for zearalenone and derivatives (one
in bovines and one in pigs) and for aflatoxin M1 in milk (n = 7).
• Dyes (B3e) were reported in aquaculture (37 non-compliant results; 1.8 %). Substances found
were malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal violet and leuco crystal violet.
• For most of the substance groups, apparently there were no notable variations in the frequency
of non-compliant samples in 2010 compared to previous years (2007 to 2009). However, it appears that the frequency of non-compliant samples for steroids (A3), resorcylic acid lactones (A4), anticoccidials (B2b), organochlorine compounds (B3a) and mycotoxins (B3d) was slightly lower compared to previous years whereas the proportion of non-compliant samples for chemical elements (B3c) was higher. The increase was mainly due to the inclusion of copper in the monitoring. Considering that the sampling plan and the spectrum of substances analysed were not necessarily the same over the four years, this comparison should
be regarded as having a certain degree of uncertainty.
• As the report is based on data collected in aggregate form, the information necessary for a
more detailed analysis was not available. For example, the total number of samples (compliant and non-compliant) tested for each individual substance in each species/product category and also the description of the individual samples analysed was not provided. Therefore, it was not possible to calculate the percentage of non-compliant samples for individual substances at EU level and ascertain whether these vary significantly between successive years. Also, it was not
possible to identify samples non-compliant for several substances.
R EFERENCES
Clouet AS, Le Bizec B, Montrade MP, Monteau F, Andre F, 1997. Identification of endogenous 19- nortestosterone in pregnant ewes by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Analyst, 122, 471-474.
European Commission (EC), 2007. European Commission Staff Working Document on the implementation of National Residue Monitoring Plans in the Member States in 2007. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/residues/workdoc_2007_en.pdf
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010a. Report for 2008 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in food of animal origin in the Member States. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(4):1559 [55 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1559. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010b. Technical report of EFSA: Evaluation of the data collection performed in the framework of Directive 96/23/EC i. Available at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/doc/103e.pdf
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2011. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2009 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. Supporting Publications 2011:158. [70pp.]. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu
Pinel G, Mathieu S, Cesbron N, Maume D, De Brabander HF, Andre F, Le Bizec B, 2006. Evidence that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovine submitted to a cruciferous diet can give erroneous indications of the possible illegal use of thyrostats in meat production. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23, 974-980.
Samuels TP, Nedderman A, Seymour MA, Houghton E, 1998. Study of the metabolism of testosterone, nandrolone and estradiol in cattle. Analyst, 123, 2401-2404.
A PPENDICES
A. L IST OF NON - COMPLIANT RESULTS : TARGETED SAMPLING
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Bovines A2 Ethylthiouracil FR 1333 1 0.08
Thiouracil FR 1333 22 1.7 IE 233 11 4.7 PL 211 4 1.9 PT 75 1 1.3 UK 409 3 0.73
Sub-total for A2 5 42 A3 17-Alpha nortestosteron NL 980 1 0.10
Betamethasone IT 3590 1 0.03 Boldenone IT 215 1 0.47 Dexamethasone IT 3590 26 0.72 NL 1587 5 0.32 Epinandrolone (19- Norepitestosterone) FR 3828 14 0.37 Prednisolone IT 3590 2 0.06 Prednisone IT 3590 1 0.03 Sub-total for A3 3 51
A4 Alpha-Zeralanol (Zeranol) DE 564 2 0.35 FR 3828 8 0.21 IT 677 1 0.15
UK 382 3 0.79 Beta Zearalanol (Taleranol) DE 228 1 0.44
FR 3828 8 0.21 IT 677 4 0.59
Zearalanone SK 15 1 6.7 Sub-total for A4 5 28
A5 Clenbuterol FR 3749 2 0.05 IT 1827 1 0.05 PT 171 2 1.2
Isoxsuprine FR 1863 1 0.05 Sub-total for A5 3 6 AMOZ (5- methylmorpholino-3-amino
A6 2-oxazolidone) ES 297 1 0.34 Chloramphenicol DE 1792 2 0.11 Metronidazole DE 421 1 0.24 SEM (semicarbazide) IE 188 2 1.1 UK 158 1 0.63
Sub-total for A6 4 7 B1 Amoxycillin DE 468 1 0.21
(a): The number of samples analysed for the individual substances was reported by the Member States only if there was at least one non-compliant sample for the substance in question. In case that all samples were compliant, the number of samples analysed was not reported. Furthermore, in case of animals controlled at farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples may include either samples taken at farm or slaughterhouse depending where the non-compliant samples were found. Where non-compliant samples were found at both farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples represents the sum of samples taken at both sampling points.
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Dihydrostreptomycin FR 2039 2 0.10
UK 1451 2 0.14 Doxycycline ES 924 4 0.43 Enrofloxacin IT 1232 1 0.08 Epi-Oxytetracycline UK 46 1 2.2 Florfenicol UK 101 3 3.0 Gentamicin NL 1866 2 0.11 Neomycin FR 2039 1 0.05
HU 3 1 33 NL 1866 2 0.11 PL 1019 2 0.20
Neospiramycin FR 2039 1 0.05 Oxytetracycline CY 295 1 0.34 FR 3233 7 0.22 IT 1294 3 0.23 UK 93 2 2.2 Penicillin FR 2039 2 0.10 HU 3 1 33 Spiramycin FR 2039 1 0.05 Sulfadiazine IT 2254 1 0.04 UK 46 1 2.2 Sulfadimethoxine IT 2254 3 0.13 Sulfadimidine BE 552 1 0.18 IT 2254 1 0.04 Sulfadoxine BE 552 1 0.18 Sulfamerazine FR 2785 1 0.04 IT 2254 1 0.04 Sulfapyridine IT 2254 1 0.04 Sulfonamides BE 552 1 0.18 Tetracycline LV 66 1 1.5 Tetracyclines HU 4 1 25 Tylosin, Tylosin A FR 2039 1 0.05
Sub-total for B1 11 55 B2a Ivermectin FR 497 1 0.20
IT 338 2 0.59 Sub-total for B2a 2 3
B2e Diclofen (Diclofenac) BE 137 1 0.73 DE 240 1 0.42
Flunixin - Meglumine DE 421 1 0.24 Ibuprofen UK 735 3 0.41 Meloxicam AT 19 1 5.3 Phenylbutazone BE 137 1 0.73 DE 2014 4 0.20 Sodium salicylate NL 90 2 2.2
Sub-total for B2e 5 14 B2f Dexamethasone DE 757 3 0.40
DK 50 1 2.0 ES 881 13 1.5
Prednisolone BE 275 3 1.1 FR 424 1 0.24
Sub-total for B2f 5 21 B3a Dioxins IT 104 1 0.96
gamma-HCH (HCH, Lindane) FR 426 1 0.23 Sub-total for B3a 2 2
B3c Cadmium Cd CZ 47 2 4.3 Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % ES 162 1 0.62 LT 24 1 4.2 NL 172 15 8.7 SI 11 3 27 UK 37 5 14 Copper Cu DE 187 28 15 Lead Pb IT 269 2 0.74
UK 36 1 2.8 Mercury Hg DE 473 17 3.6 Sub-total for B3c 8 104
B3d Zearalenol-alpha HU 27 1 3.7 Zearalenol-beta HU 27 1 3.7 Zearalenone (Mycotoxin F) HU 27 1 3.7 Sub-total for B3d 1 3
Total in Bovines 19 336 Pigs A2 Thiouracil EE 7 1 14
FR 220 1 0.45 Sub-total for A2 2 2
A3 17-Beta nortestosteron NL 560 9 1.6 Nandrolone FR 565 17 3.0 PL 701 4 0.57
Sub-total for A3 3 30 A4 Alpha-Zeralanol (Zeranol) FR 487 3 0.62
Beta Zearalanol (Taleranol) FR 487 3 0.62
Sub-total for A4 1 6
A5 Clenbuterol PT 279 1 0.36
Sub-total for A5 1 1
A6 Chloramphenicol ES 579 1 0.17
FR 2838 2 0.07
PL 605 2 0.33
SE 183 1 0.55
Hydroxymetronidazol
(MNZOH) DE 4250 1 0.02
Metronidazole DE 4261 1 0.02
Sub-total for A6 5 8
B1 Amoxycillin CZ 410 16 3.9
LT 299 1 0.33
Benzylpenicillin
(Penicillin G) BE 1766 1 0.06
DE 1655 1 0.06
DK 1115 2 0.18
Chlortetracyclin GR 166 4 2.4
IT 609 1 0.16
UK 521 1 0.19
Dihydrostreptomycin CZ 410 6 1.5
DE 1684 1 0.06
NL 2556 11 0.43
Doxycycline BE 1766 1 0.06
ES 3587 2 0.06
FR 2984 1 0.03
IT 609 1 0.16
NL 2556 6 0.23
PL 3302 5 0.15
Epi-Chlortetracycline GR 166 4 2.4
UK 522 1 0.19
Erythromycin
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Lincomycin CY 79 1 1.3 Neomycin NL 2556 1 0.04 Oxytetracycline AT 15 1 6.7
CZ 410 1 0.24 EE 969 1 0.10 FR 2984 3 0.10 HU 13 1 7.7 IT 609 1 0.16 NL 2556 3 0.12 Penicillin HU 4 1 25 Streptomycin LT 299 1 0.33 Sulfadiazine BE 1766 1 0.06 DE 3914 2 0.05 ES 4134 2 0.05 IT 1518 1 0.07 NL 2556 3 0.12 UK 521 2 0.38 Sulfadimethoxine FR 3038 1 0.03 IT 1518 4 0.26 Sulfadimidine ES 4147 1 0.02 GR 166 2 1.2 NL 2556 1 0.04 Sulfamerazine FR 3038 2 0.07 Sulfamethoxazole NL 2556 3 0.12 Sulfathiazole PT 649 1 0.15 Tetracycline CZ 410 1 0.24 DE 3450 1 0.03 GR 166 1 0.60 IT 609 1 0.16 Tylosin, Tylosin A ES 7 1 14 NL 2556 1 0.04
Sub-total for B1 17 114 B2a Eprinomectin FR 633 2 0.32
Levamisole NL 340 4 1.2
Sub-total for B2a 2 6
B2e Antipyrin-4-Methylamino AT 23 1 4.3
Sub-total for B2e 1 1
B2f Prednisolone BE 213 1 0.47
FR 194 1 0.52
Sub-total for B2f 2 2
gamma-HCH
B3a (HCH, Lindane) ES 733 1 0.14
HCH-Alpha ES 667 1 0.15
Sub-total for B3a 1 2
B3c Cadmium Cd DE 1433 22 1.5
PL 629 2 0.32
Copper Cu DE 563 39 6.9
Lead Pb IT 298 4 1.3
PL 629 2 0.32
Mercury Hg DE 1484 221 15
Sub-total for B3c 3 290
B3d Zearalenol-alpha HU 144 1 0.69
Zearalenone (Mycotoxin F) HU 144 1 0.69
Sub-total for B3d 1 2
Total in Pigs 18 464
Sub-total for A2 1 2 Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % A3 17-Alpha nortestosteron NL 25 3 12
Epinandrolone (19- Norepitestosterone) FR 140 4 2.9 Sub-total for A3 2 7
A6 Furazolidone ES 9 1 11 Sub-total for A6 1 1
B1 Amoxycillin IE 764 1 0.13 Chlortetracyclin ES 865 2 0.23 Ciprofloxacin ES 781 1 0.13 Dihydrostreptomycin NL 161 1 0.62 UK 2895 1 0.03
Enrofloxacin ES 802 1 0.12 Neomycin C NL 161 2 1.2 Oxytetracycline GR 178 1 0.56 IT 95 1 1.05 NL 161 1 0.62 Sulfadiazine ES 1427 7 0.49 Sulfadimethoxine FR 992 1 0.10 Sulfadimidine ES 1205 4 0.33 Sulfamerazine FR 992 1 0.10 Sulfamethoxazole NL 161 1 0.62
Sub-total for B1 7 26 B2a Closantel IE 242 4 2
Doramectin NL 52 1 2 Eprinomectin FR 251 1 0.40 Oxfendazole UK 961 1 0.10
Sub-total for B2a 4 7 B2b Decoquinate CY 30 1 3
Monensin PT 47 1 2 Robenidine ES 341 1 0.29 Salinomycin CY 30 1 3
Sub-total for B2b 3 4 B2e Antipyrin-4-Methylamino LT 1 1 100
Sub-total for B2e 1 1 B3a WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ DK 4 4 100
WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ DK 4 4 100
Sub-total for B3a 1 8
B3b Diazinon IE 77 1 1.3
Sub-total for B3b 1 1
B3c Cadmium Cd CZ 3 2 67
DE 32 1 3.1
ES 182 2 1.1
GR 89 2 2.2
NL 10 1 10
UK 28 5 18
Copper Cu DE 5 1 20
Lead Pb ES 182 1 0.55
IT 55 3 5.5
UK 20 3 15
Sub-total for B3c 7 21
Total in Sheep/Goats 13 78
Horses A3 17-Alpha nortestosteron NL 13 1 7.7
Dexamethasone IT 34 1 2.9
Sub-total for A3 2 2
B2a Oxyclozanide IE 15 1 6.7
Sub-total for B2a 1 1
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Sub-total for B2b 1 1
B2e Flunixin CZ 1 1 100 Phenylbutazone DE 10 1 10 IE 38 1 2.6 SE 25 1 4.0 UK 60 5 8.3
Salicylic acid LT 3 1 33
Sub-total for B2e 6 10
B3a WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ DK 2 2 100
WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ DK 2 2 100
Sub-total for B3a 1 4
B3c Cadmium Cd CZ 1 1 100
DE 8 3 38
ES 61 12 20
IT 262 4 1.5
LT 1 1 100
MT 1 1 100
PL 155 9 5.8
PT 15 1 6.7
SI 2 2 100
Lead Pb IT 262 12 4.6
PL 155 1 0.65
Sub-total for B3c 9 47
Total in Horses 14 65
Poultry A3 Nandrolone FR 654 1 0.15
Sub-total for A3 1 1
AOZ (3-amino-2-
A6 oxazolidone) GR 28 2 7.1
Chloramphenicol AT 18 1 5.6
IT 997 2 0.20
Metronidazole BE 145 1 0.7
SEM (semicarbazide) NL 97 1 1.0
Sub-total for A6 5 7
B1 Difloxacin DE 767 1 0.13
Doxycycline BE 596 2 0.34
DE 940 3 0.32
FR 1389 1 0.07
IT 404 2 0.50
NL 1103 6 0.54
Enrofloxacin ES 322 1 0.31
NL 1103 1 0.09
Oxolinic acid FR 1247 1 0.08
Sarafloxacin DE 751 1 0.13
Sulfadimethoxine IT 785 1 0.13
Sub-total for B1 6 20
B2b Decoquinate CZ 94 2 2.1
Diclazuril UK 682 3 0.44
Lasalocid BE 223 1 0.45
CZ 94 1 1.1
IT 164 1 0.61
PL 625 4 0.64
PT 85 1 1.2
Maduramicin FR 100 2 2.0
PL 283 2 0.71
UK 682 1 0.15
Nicarbazin BE 223 4 1.8
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % ES 287 1 0.35 IE 227 5 2.2 IT 525 4 0.76 PL 283 1 0.35 UK 682 29 4.3 Robenidine CY 23 1 4.3 Salinomycin MT 29 5 17
PL 283 1 0.35 SE 114 1 0.88 Toltrazurilsulfon DE 309 1 0.32
Sub-total for B2b 13 73 B2e Ketoprofen BE 115 1 0.87
Sub-total for B2e 1 1 B2f Nicotine DE 69 1 1.4
Olaquindox PT 92 1 1.1
Sub-total for B2f 2 2
B3c Arsenic As CZ 40 1 2.5
Cadmium Cd DE 129 1 0.78
Sub-total for B3c 2 2
Total in Poultry 16 106
AMOZ (5-
methylmorpholino-3-amino
Aquaculture A6 2-oxazolidone) GR 125 1 0.8
Sub-total for A6 1 1
B1 Marbofloxacin FR 137 1 0.73
Sub-total for B1 1 1
B3a Dioxins LT 7 2 29
Sub-total for B3a 1 2
B3e Crystal Violet FR 233 2 0.86
Crystal Violet-Leuco AT 77 1 1.3
Malachite Green DE 75 2 2.7
PL 160 8 5.0
Malachite Green-Leuco AT 77 2 2.6
DE 416 13 3.1
FR 233 2 0.86
GR 112 1 0.89
IT 164 1 0.61
SK 30 4 13
UK 236 1 0.42
Sub-total for B3e 8 37
Total in Aquaculture 9 41
Milk A6 Chloramphenicol CZ 85 1 1.18
EE 110 2 1.8
Sub-total for A6 2 3
B1 Ampicillin DE 340 1 0.29
Cloxacillin BE 143 1 0.70
Inhibitors CY 3000 12 0.40
Tetracycline FR 330 1 0.30
Sub-total for B1 4 15
B2a Closantel IE 319 10 3.1
Ivermectin BE 55 1 1.8
IE 319 2 0.63
Moxidectin BE 55 1 1.8
Nitroxinil IE 319 6 1.9
UK 112 6 5.4
Triclabendazolsulfon IE 319 1 0.31
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Sub-total for B2a 3 28
B2e Diclofen (Diclofenac) AT 27 1 3.7 Sub-total for B2e 1 1
gamma-HCH B3a (HCH, Lindane) FR 81 1 1.2
HCH-Beta IT 20 1 5.0
Sub-total for B3a 2 2
B3c Lead Pb PL 139 1 0.72
Sub-total for B3c 1 1
B3d Aflatoxin M1 IT 589 7 1.2
Sub-total for B3d 1 7
Total in Milk 11 57
Eggs B1 Doxycycline IT 46 1 2.2
PL 194 1 0.52
PT 142 2 1.4
Enrofloxacin LT 40 3 7.5
PL 194 1 0.52
SI 57 1 1.8
Sulfadiazine ES 109 1 0.92
Sulfadimethoxine FR 204 1 0.49
Sub-total for B1 7 11
B2b Lasalocid FR 156 1 0.64
SI 166 1 0.60
Maduramicin SI 166 3 1.8
Nicarbazin CZ 55 1 1.8
UK 465 2 0.43
Sub-total for B2b 4 8
B3a WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ DE 133 1 0.75
WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ DE 133 1 0.75
Sub-total for B3a 1 2
Total in Eggs 10 21
Rabbit A6 Chloramphenicol ES 190 1 0.53
FR 60 1 1.7
Sub-total for A6 2 2
B1 Antibacterials FR 199 2 1.0
Sulfadimethoxine FR 250 8 3.2
Sub-total for B1 1 10
B2b Maduramicin PT 10 3 30
Robenidine CZ 7 1 14
Sub-total for B2b 2 4
B2e Antipyrin-4-Methylamino BE 10 1 10
Sub-total for B2e 1 1
gamma-HCH (HCH,
B3a Lindane) ES 57 2 3.5
Sub-total for B3a 1 2
B3c Cadmium Cd FR 20 1 5.0
Sub-total for B3c 1 1
Total in Rabbit 5 20
Farmed game A6 Ronidazole BE 40 1 2.5
Sub-total for A6 1 1
B2a Moxidectin IE 12 1 8.3
Sub-total for B2a 1 1
B2b Monensin PT 10 1 10
Sub-total for B2b 1 1
B3c Cadmium Cd FI 33 13 39
Lead Pb FR 23 1 4.3
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
analysed (a) 13 results
N % Sub-total for B3c 3 15
Total in Farmed Game 6 18 DDT: Sum DDT, DDE,
Wild game B3a DDD PL 102 1 0.98 Sub-total for B3a 1 1
B3c Cadmium Cd ES 50 5 10 FI 36 17 47
FR 64 1 1.6 LU 30 2 6.7 LV 100 33 33 PL 102 3 2.9 Copper Cu DE 43 2 4.7 Lead Pb AT 146 9 6.2 CZ 103 6 5.8 DK 68 1 1.5 EE 40 2 5.0 ES 50 2 4.0 GR 11 1 9.1 LU 30 1 3.3 LV 100 3 3.0 NL 100 26 26 PL 102 13 13 PT 97 4 4.1 Mercury Hg CZ 103 2 1.9 DE 69 24 35 DK 68 2 2.9 PL 102 2 2.0
Sub-total for B3c 14 161 Total in Wild game 14 162 AOZ (3-amino-2-
Honey A6 oxazolidone) HU 77 10 13 Sub-total for A6 1 10
B1 Chlortetracyclin GR 110 1 0.91 Oxytetracycline UK 41 2 4.9 Sulfadimethoxine HU 188 49 26 Sulfadimidine ES 126 1 0.79 Sulfathiazole DE 117 2 1.7 ES 101 4 4.0 PT 34 1 2.9
Sulfonamides PL 144 2 1.4 Tetracycline ES 48 1 2.1 Tetracyclines HU 42 2 4.8 Tylosin, Tylosin A ES 40 1 2.5 SK 85 4 4.7
Sub-total for B1 8 70 B2c Tau Fluvalinate FR 47 1 2.1
Sub-total for B2c 1 1 B3b Chlorfenvinphos FR 47 1 2.1
Sub-total for B3b 1 1 B3c Copper Cu DE 11 3 27
Lead Pb IE 10 1 10
Sub-total for B3c 2 4
B3f Diethyltoluamide DE 59 1 1.7
Sub-total for B3f 1 1
Total in Honey 10 87
Total in all categories
1455
B. L IST OF NON - COMPLIANT RESULTS : SUSPECT SAMPLING
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant samples results
analysed (a) 14
N % Bovines A2 Thiouracil PL 17 2 12
Sub-total for A2 1 2 A3 Dexamethasone IT 823 4 0.49
Prednisolone IT 823 2 0.24 Prednisone IT 823 3 0.36
Testosterone propionate BE 1047 1 0.10 Sub-total for A3 2 10
A6 Chloramphenicol BE 150 1 0.67 Sub-total for A6 1 1
B1 Amoxycillin IE 3017 1 0.03 IT 99 1 1.0
Antibacterials NL 8659 99 1.1 Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) IE 3017 1 0.03
IT 99 2 2.0 Chlortetracyclin AT 141 2 1.4 Ciprofloxacin BE 170 4 2.4 Danofloxacin BE 170 1 0.59 Dihydrostreptomycin AT 1170 2 0.17
BE 170 3 1.76 UK 37 1 2.7
Enrofloxacin BE 170 5 2.9 ES 52 1 1.9 IT 100 2 2.0
Epi-Oxytetracycline UK 37 2 5.4 Gentamicin BE 170 1 0.59
Inhibitors DE 4538 11 0.24 Marbofloxacin DE 4 1 25
Neomycin BE 170 2 1.2 Oxytetracycline AT 405 2 0.49
BE 170 5 2.9 IE 3017 6 0.20 IT 100 5 5.0
UK 37 2 5.4 Spectinomycin BE 170 1 0.59 Spiramycin BE 170 2 1.2 Sulfadimethoxine BE 170 6 3.5 Sulfadimidine IT 32 3 9.4 Sulfadoxine BE 170 1 0.59 Tetracycline BE 170 3 1.8
IE 3017 1 0.03 IT 100 1 1.0
Tilmicosin BE 170 4 2.4 Trimethoprim BE 170 7 4.1
IT 3 2 67 Tulathromycin IE 3017 1 0.30
(a): The number of samples analysed for the individual substances was reported by the Member States only if there was at least one non-compliant sample for the substance in question. In case that all samples were compliant, the number of samples analysed was not reported. Furthermore, in case of animals controlled at farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples may include either samples taken at farm or slaughterhouse depending where the non-compliant samples were found. Where non-compliant samples were found at both farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples represents the sum of samples taken at both sampling points.
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant samples results
analysed (a) 14
N % Tylosin, Tylosin A BE 170 3 1.8
IE 3017 1 0.03 Sub-total for B1 8 198
B2a Abamectin (Avermectin B1) BE 150 1 0.67 Doramectin BE 150 1 0.67 Ivermectin BE 150 2 1.3 Sub-total for B2a 1 4
B2e Antipyrin-4-Methylamino AT 1 1 100 Carprofen BE 164 2 1.2 Flunixin BE 164 6 3.7 Ketoprofen BE 164 1 0.61 Meloxicam BE 164 1 0.61 Phenylbutazone BE 164 1 0.61 Tolfenamic acid BE 164 8 4.9 Sub-total for B2e 2 20
B2f Dexamethasone BE 658 6 0.91 ES 217 7 3.23
Methylprednisolone BE 658 2 0.30 Prednisolone BE 658 6 0.91
Sub-total for B2f 2 21 B3a Dioxins IT 8 1 12.5
HCH-Alpha IT 7 5 71 HCH-Beta IT 7 5 71
Sub-total for B3a 1 11 B3c Copper Cu DE 2 2 100
Mercury Hg DE 10 3 30
Sub-total for B3c 1 5
Total in Bovines 9 272
Pigs A3 Medroxyprogesterone acetate IT 3 1 33
Nandrolone PL 21 2 9.5
Sub-total for A3 2 3
B1 Amoxycillin BE 41 3 7.3
Ampicillin BE 41 1 2.4
Antibacterials NL 8208 112 1.4
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) AT 13 1 7.7
BE 41 2 4.9
FI 2 1 50
Ciprofloxacin BE 41 2 4.9
Dihydrostreptomycin BE 41 4 9.8
Enrofloxacin BE 41 2 4.9
Florfenicol BE 41 2 4.9
Inhibitors DE 915 24 2.6
Marbofloxacin BE 41 1 2.4
Neomycin BE 41 1 2.4
Oxytetracycline BE 41 4 9.8
Penicillin BE 41 3 7.3
Sulfadimethoxine BE 41 2 4.9
Sulfadoxine BE 41 1 2.4
Tetracycline BE 41 4 9.8
Trimethoprim BE 41 1 2.4
Sub-total for B1 5 171
B2d Azaperone BE 18 2 11
Sub-total for B2d 1 2
B2e Flunixin BE 18 4 22
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant
samples results
analysed (a) 14
N % Metamizole (Dipyrone
Monohydrate) BE 18 2 11 Tolfenamic acid BE 18 1 5.6
Sub-total for B2e 1 8 B2f Dexamethasone BE 18 2 11
Methylprednisolone BE 18 1 5.6 Triamcinolone acetonide BE 18 1 5.6
Sub-total for B2f 1 4 B3c Cadmium Cd DE 37 5 14
Copper Cu DE 5 2 40 Mercury Hg DE 63 39 62
Sub-total for B3c 1 46 Total in Pigs 7 234
Sheep/Goats B1 Antibacterials NL 60 4 6.7 Sub-total for B1 2 4
Total in Sheep/Goats 2 4 Poultry A6 Chloramphenicol IT 42 2 4.8
Sub-total for A6 1 2 B1 Doxycycline DE 32 1 3.1
Enrofloxacin PL 2 1 50 Oxytetracycline ES 60 3 5.0 Tylosin, Tylosin A ES 31 2 6.5
Sub-total for B1 3 7 B2b Nicarbazin AT 4 1 25
Salinomycin MT 6 1 17
Sub-total for B2b 1 2
B2f Olaquindox PT 3 2 67
Sub-total for B2f 1 2
B3a Dioxins IT 2 1 50
gamma-HCH (HCH, Lindane) ES 1 1 100
Sub-total for B3a 2 2
Total in Poultry 6 15
Aquaculture B3e Crystal Violet-Leuco AT 43 3 7.0
Malachite Green PL 20 6 30
Malachite Green-Leuco AT 70 11 16
DE 35 3 8.6
SK 3 3 100
Sub-total for B3e 4 26
Total in Aquaculture 4 26
Milk B1 Ampicillin IT 165 1 0.61
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) IT 165 1 0.61
Cloxacillin DE 13 3 23
Oxytetracycline IT 164 1 0.61
Sub-total for B1 2 6
B3a HCH-Alpha IT 12 1 8.3
HCH-Beta IT 12 2 17
Sub-total for B3a 1 3
B3d Aflatoxin M1 IT 75 10 13
Sub-total for B3d 1 10
Total in Milk 2 19
Eggs B1 Enrofloxacin ES 2 2 100
PL 16 6 38
Sub-total for B1 2 8
B2b Salinomycin AT 3 1 33
Sub-total for B2b 1 1
Total in Eggs 3 9
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant
samples results
analysed (a) 14
N % Rabbit B3a gamma-HCH (HCH, Lindane) ES 1 1 100
Sub-total for B3a 1 1 Total in Rabbit 1 1
Farmed Game B3c Mercury Hg DE 1 1 100 Sub-total for B3c 1 1
Total in Farmed Game 1 1 Wild Game B3c Lead Pb PL 5 1 20
Mercury Hg DE 2 2 100
Sub-total for B3c 2 3
Total in Wild game 3 3
Honey B1 Chlortetracyclin IT 48 2 4.2
Oxytetracycline IT 48 4 8.3
Sulfathiazole DE 36 19 53
Sulfonamides PL 5 1 20
Tetracycline IT 48 3 6.3
Sub-total for B1 3 29
B3c Lead Pb IE 6 4 67
Sub-total for B3c 1 4
Total in Honey 4 33
Total in all categories 617
C. L IST OF NON - COMPLIANT RESULTS : IMPORT SAMPLING
Category Group Substances MS Number of samples Non-compliant
(a)
analysed 15 results
N % Bovines A6 SEM (semicarbazide) PT 8 3 38
Sub-total for A6 1 3 B2a Ivermectin DE 26 8 31
Sub-total for B2a 1 8 Total in Bovines 2 11
Sheep/Goats A6 Chloramphenicol LU 3 1 33 Sub-total for A6 1 1
Total in Sheep/Goats 2 1 Horses B1 Oxytetracycline DE 8 1 13
Sub-total for B1 1 1 Total in Horses 1 1
Poultry B2a Moxidectin DE 39 4 10 Sub-total for B2a 1 4
B3c Mercury Hg DE 24 1 4.2 Sub-total for B3c 1 1
Total in Poultry 1 5 Aquaculture A6 Chloramphenicol BE 74 1 1.4
GR 33 1 3.0 Metronidazole BE 10 1 10 Nitrofurazone NL 36 1 2.8 Sub-total for A6 3 4
B2a Ivermectin DE 28 1 3.6 Sub-total for B2a 1 1
B3c Arsenic As PL 242 1 0.41 Cadmium Cd DE 304 9 3.0 Mercury Hg DE 304 5 1.6 SI 7 1 14
Sub-total for B3c 3 16 Total in Aquaculture 6 21
Milk B3d Aflatoxin M1 NL 17 1 5.9 Sub-total for B3d 1 1
Total in Milk 1 1 Wild game B3c Lead Pb NL 20 2 10
Sub-total for B3c 1 2 Total in Wild game 1 2
Honey A6 Metronidazole BE 25 1 4 Sub-total for A6 1 1
B1 Sulfadimidine SI 3 1 33 Sub-total for B1 1 1
Total in Honey 2 2 Total in all categories 44
(a): The number of samples analysed for the individual substances was reported by the Member States only if there was at least one non-compliant sample for the substance in question. In case that all samples were compliant, the number of samples analysed was not reported. Furthermore, in case of animals controlled at farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples may include either samples taken at farm or slaughterhouse depending where the non-compliant samples were found. Where non-compliant samples were found at both farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples represents the sum of samples taken at both sampling points.
D. L IST OF NON - COMPLIANT RESULTS : OTHER SAMPLING
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant
samples (a) results (a) 16 analysed
N % Bovines A3 Dexamethasone IT 542 8 1.5
Prednisolone IT 542 4 0.74 Prednisone IT 542 5 0.92
Sub-total for A3 1 17 A5 Clenbuterol IT 357 2 0.56
Sub-total for A5 1 2 B1 Amoxycillin DE 97 2 2.1
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) DE 122 24 20 Cefalexin (Cefalexin Anhydrate) DE 69 1 1.5 Chlortetracyclin DE 162 3 1.9 Ciprofloxacin DE 69 3 4.4 Dihydrostreptomycin DE 117 22 19 Doxycycline IT 46 3 6.5 Enrofloxacin DE 44 5 11 Gentamicin DE 97 7 7.2 Inhibitors DE 23006 192 0.83 Marbofloxacin DE 88 4 4.6 Neomycin DE 97 5 5.2 Oxytetracycline DE 15 2 13 Spectinomycin DE 75 1 1.3 Sulfadiazine DE 131 1 0.76 Sulfadimidine DE 131 1 0.76 Sulfadoxine DE 131 2 1.5 Tetracycline DE 15 1 6.7 Trimethoprim DE 73 2 2.7
Sub-total for B1 2 281 B2e Antipyrin-4-Amino DE 14 2 14
Antipyrin-4-Methylamino DE 15 2 13 Carprofen DE 5 1 20 Meloxicam DE 17 1 5.9
Sub-total for B2e 1 6 B2f Dexamethasone DE 10 3 30
Sub-total for B2f 1 3 B3a Dioxins IT 6 1 17
HCH-Alpha IT 63 2 3.2 HCH-Beta IT 63 6 9.5
Sub-total for B3a 1 9 B3c Cadmium Cd BE 131 6 4.6
Sub-total for B3c 1 6 Total in Bovines 3 324
Pigs B1 Amoxycillin DE 187 8 4.3 Ampicillin DE 218 1 0.46 Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) DE 219 26 12 Chlortetracyclin DE 236 6 2.5 IT 142 7 4.9
(a): The number of samples analysed for the individual substances was reported by the Member States only if there was at least one non-compliant sample for the substance in question. In case that all samples were compliant, the number of samples analysed was not reported. Furthermore, in case of animals controlled at farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples may include either samples taken at farm or slaughterhouse depending where the non-compliant samples were found. Where non-compliant samples were found at both farm and slaughterhouse, the number of samples represents the sum of samples taken at both sampling points.
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant
samples (a) results (a) 16 analysed
N % Dihydrostreptomycin DE 167 17 10 Doxycycline DE 339 28 8.3
IT 142 4 2.8 Enrofloxacin DE 136 17 12.5
IT 140 2 1.4 Inhibitors DE 247376 455 0.18 Marbofloxacin DE 216 4 1.9 Oxytetracycline DE 113 6 5.3 Spectinomycin DE 75 1 1.3 Sulfachlorpyrazine DE 111 1 0.9 Sulfadiazine DE 293 18 6.1 Sulfadimethoxine DE 294 1 0.34 Sulfadimidine DE 294 4 1.4 Sulfadoxine DE 294 2 0.68 Sulfamethoxazole DE 198 2 1.0 Sulfonamides DE 24 1 4.2 Tetracycline DE 113 4 3.5
IT 142 1 0.7 Trimethoprim DE 232 15 6.5 Tulathromycin DE 76 1 1.3 Tylosin, Tylosin A DE 184 1 0.54 Sub-total for B1 2 633
B2e Antipyrin-4-Amino DE 104 3 2.9 Antipyrin-4-Formylamino DE 12 1 8.3 Antipyrin-4-Methylamino DE 104 3 2.9 Flunixin-Meglumine DE 102 3 2.9 Sub-total for B2e 1 10
B2f Dexamethasone DE 101 1 0.99 Sub-total for B2f 1 1
Total in Pigs 2 644 Sheep/Goats B1 Ampicillin DE 4 1 25
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) DE 4 1 25 Dihydrostreptomycin DE 4 1 25 Enrofloxacin DE 6 1 17 Inhibitors DE 2992 7 0.23
Sub-total for B1 1 11 B3a HCH-Beta IT 6 1 17
Sub-total for B3a 1 1 Total in Sheep/Goats 2 12
Horses A5 Clenbuterol BE 14 8 57 Sub-total for A5 1 8
B2e Oxyphenbutazone Monohydrate BE 14 7 50 Sub-total for B2e 1 7
B2f Dexamethasone BE 14 1 7.1 Sub-total for B2f 1 1
Total in Horses 2 16 Poultry B1 Inhibitors DE 37 1 2.7
Sub-total for B1 1 1 B2b Salinomycin MT 10 2 20
Sub-total for B2b 1 2 Total in Poultry 2 3
Milk B3a HCH-Alpha IT 328 2 0.61 HCH-Beta IT 328 5 1.5 Sub-total for B3a 1 7
B3d Aflatoxin M1 IT 3164 15 0.47 Sub-total for B3d 1 15
Category Group Substances MS Number of Non-compliant
samples (a) results (a) 16 analysed
N % Total in Milk 1 22
Eggs B3a Dioxins IT 14 1 7.1 Sub-total for B3a 1 1
Total in Eggs 1 1 Rabbit B1 Sulfadimethoxine IT 9 1 11
Sub-total for B1 2 1 Total in Rabbit 2 1
Farmed Game A6 Nitroimidazoles (group) BE 86 33 38 Sub-total for A6 1 33
Total in Farmed Game 2 33 Honey B1 Chlortetracyclin IT 232 1 0.43
Oxytetracycline IT 232 1 0.43 Sulfathiazole IT 179 3 1.7 Tetracycline IT 232 2 0.86
Sub-total for B1 1 7 Total in Honey 1 7
Total in all categories 1063
E. A NNEX I TO D IRECTIVE 96/23/EC
ANNEX I TO DIRECTIVE 96/23/EC
GROUP A – Substances having anabolic effect and unauthorized substances
A.1. Stilbenes, stilbene derivatives, and their salts and esters
A.2. Antithyroid agents
A.3. Steroids
A.4. Resorcylic acid lactones, including zeranol
A.5. Beta-agonists
A.6. Compounds included in Annex IV to Council Regulation (EEC) N° 2377/90 of 26 June 1990
GROUP B – Veterinary drugs and contaminants
B.1. Antibacterial substances, including sulphonamides, quinolones
B.2. Other veterinary drugs a) Anthelmintics b) Anticoccidials c) Carbamates and pyrethroids d) Sedatives
-
e)Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) f) Other pharmacologically active substances
B.3. Other substances and environmental contaminants a) Organochlorine compounds, including PCBs b) Organophosphorus compounds
-
c)Chemical elements d) Mycotoxins e) Dyes f) Others
A BBREVIATIONS
Country Codes
AT Austria
BE Belgium
BG Bulgaria
CY Cyprus
CZ Czech Republic
DK Denmark
EE Estonia
FI Finland
FR France
DE Germany
GR Greece
HU Hungary
IE Ireland
IT Italy
LV Latvia
LT Lithuania
LU Luxembourg
MT Malta
PL Poland
PT Portugal
RO Romania
SI Slovenia
SK Slovak Republic
ES Spain
SE Sweden
NL The Netherlands
UK United Kingdom